Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards
indicated for treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm
short-acting beta agonist
what are the short acting beta agonist?
albuterol
levalbuterol
indicated for long term control of bronchospasm in the patients asthma and COPD
long acting beta agonist
what are the long acting beta agonist?
salmeterol
formoterol
arformoterol
what are the side effects of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators?
tremors tachycardia palpations hypertension headache paradoxical hypoxemia tachyphylaxis nausea
drugs that work against the bronchoconstriction caused by the parasympathetic nervous system (decreases cGMP)
anticholinergic (parasympatholytics)
act by blocking cholinergic parasympathetic receptors
anticholinergics
what are the anticholinergic drugs?
ipratropium
tiotropium
what can be delivered with the anticholinergics bronchodialators?
SABA
this inhibitor drug increases the amount of cAMP within the smooth muscle. increases the level of cAMP that causes bronchodialation
methylxanthines
what are the methylxanthine drugs?
theophylline
caffine
theo-dur
what are the side effects of theophylline?
tachycardia palpations jutters irritability diuresis
anti-inflammatory agents with direct and indirect bronchodilation effects
corticosteroids
what are some of the corticosteroid drugs?
fluticasone
beclomethasone
budesonide
prednisone
recommended when secretions are thick and tenacious and cannot be easily removed
mucolytics
what is the mucolytic for CF?
pulmozyme
specifically dilate the pulmonary blood vessels
pulmonary vasodilators
what are the indications for pulmonary vasodilators?
PHTN
ARDS
R ventricular failure/ cor pulmonale
non steroid drugs that have been approved for patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma
leukotriene
what are the leukotriene medications?
montelukast
zafirlukast
zileuton
will help prevent an asthma attack by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells and preventing the release of histamine and leukotrienes
mast cell satbilizers
what are some mast cell stabilizers?
cromolyn sodium
nedocromil sodium
beta 2 does what?
bronchodialation
beta one does what?
increase heart rate (vasoconstriction)
alpha one does what
vasoconstriction
the autonomic nervous system includes the ?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
what are the sympathetic ns receptors?
beta 1
beta 1
alpha 1
what are the parasympathetic ns receptors?
muscinaric
nicotinic
the (sympathetic) controls which hormones ??
epinephrine
norepinephrine
the cholinergic (parasympathetic) controls which hormones?
muscinaric
nicotinic
what is the formula for clarks rule?
(lbs/150) x adult dose
what is the formula for youngs rule?
(age/age+12) x adult dose
what is formula for frieds rule?
(age in months/150) x adult dose
