APC: Patient Assesment Flashcards
what are signs?
objective information and what can be visualized
what are symptoms?
subjective information and it is what the patient feels
orthopnea
increased PCWP
fluid backing up into PVS
difficulty breathing while laying flat
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
lethargy
drowsy, will answer questions and follow commands but slowly
obtunded
difficult to arouse, needs constant stimuli to follow simple command
what will be looked at when it comes to patient health history?
family history
occupational history
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
can be caused by increased metabolism
night sweats may indicate what?
TB
bilateral pitting edema can be caused by
PHTN
heart failure
renal insufficiency
septicemia
unilateral pitting edema is caused by what?
venous extremity obstruction (tight clothing)
clubbing of digits can be caused by
chronic hypoxia
10-15% CHD, CF, COPD
JVD can be caused by
fluid overload
right heart failure
PEEP
cardiac tamponade
nasal flaring is only seen in
neonates/infants
to help reduce RAW
atrophy
decrease muscle mass due to lack of use/work
hypertrophy
incraesed muscle mass due to increase use/work
tenacity
stickiness
mucoid
clear thick stringy
streaked
infection
pink/frothy
pulmonary edema
bright red
TB
PE
cancer
yellow/green (purulent)
pneumonia
bronchiectasis
chronic bronchitis
CF
dark green to brown with purulence
lung abscess
bronchiectasis (layering)
bronchorrhea
greater than 100 ml of watery secretions (chronic bronchitis)
skin turgor
the time it takes for the skin to return to normal
subcutaneous emphysema
air leaks from lungs into subcutaneous tissue
pulsus paradoxus
bp will vary with respirations
pulsus alternas
alternating strong/ weak pulse
when the trachea goes towards the problem the issue might be?
atelectasis
pneumonia
when the trachea goes away from the problem it might be what?
pneumothorax
pleural effusion
tumor
increased tactile fremitus can include what disease?
pneumonia
lung tumor
atelectasis
decreased tactile fremitus can include what diseases?
mucous plug or foreign object
pneumo
pleural effusion
copd
tachypnea
rapid rate of breath
apnea
cessation of breathing
biots
breathing with long periods of apnea
cheyne stokes
breaths deep and fast with periods of apnea
kussmauls
deep and fast
paradoxical
portion of chest moves opposite
egophony
patient repeats the letter “E” but it hast the sound of “A” when heard
indicate an area of consolidation
unilateral reduction could be caused by?
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
resonance is what?
hollow sound
normal sound of lungs
flat/ dull percussion includes?
can include solids or liquids
muscle, organs, atelectasis, and pleural effusion
tympany/hyperresonance includes what?
increased air present
pneumothorax, emphysema, asthma
prothrombin time takes how long for it to be normal?
12-15 seconds
critical is greater than 30 sec
if the eosinophils are increased then what can be the problem?
asthma
if the basophils are increased then what could be the issue?
chronic bronchitis
what are the 2 forms of water loss?
sensible- urine and GI tract
insensible- evaporation from skin/lungs through body temp
what is BNP?
b type natriuretic peptide
neurohormones secreted in the ventricles in response to volume and pressure overload
what is normal bnp?
less than 20
less than 100 to rule out CHF
greater than 500 is CHF
what is inhaled nitric oxide used for?
treats PTHN, shunting, increased pvr, pap, right ventricular failure, ards, and sickle cell crisis
NO2 levels should not exceed
2-3 ppm
what is exhaled carbon manoxide?
the measurement of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide
normal= 1-3%
what is end tidal capnography?
measure co2 levels via infrared light at the end of expiration
what are the 2 types of PetCO2?
mainstream- the sensor is a part of the breathing circuit
sidestream- non-intubated patients
list the levels of the Glasgow scale?
13-15= admitted to ICU for observation only
9-13= significant insult with depressed loc
less than 8= along with abnormal CT, intubate, and icp monitoring required
what is normal icp?
7-15
for ICP the higher the head the lower the ???
icp
what affects cpp
map icp
