APC: Patient Assesment

Question 1

what are signs?

Answer 1

objective information and what can be visualized

Question 2

what are symptoms?

Answer 2

subjective information and it is what the patient feels

Question 3

orthopnea

Answer 3

increased PCWP
fluid backing up into PVS
difficulty breathing while laying flat

Question 4

dysphasia

Answer 4

difficulty speaking

Question 5

dysphagia

Answer 5

difficulty swallowing

Question 6

lethargy

Answer 6

drowsy, will answer questions and follow commands but slowly

Question 7

obtunded

Answer 7

difficult to arouse, needs constant stimuli to follow simple command

Question 8

what will be looked at when it comes to patient health history?

Answer 8

family history

occupational history

Question 9

diaphoresis

Answer 9

profuse sweating

can be caused by increased metabolism

Question 10

night sweats may indicate what?

Answer 10

TB

Question 11

bilateral pitting edema can be caused by

Answer 11

PHTN
heart failure
renal insufficiency
septicemia

Question 12

unilateral pitting edema is caused by what?

Answer 12

venous extremity obstruction (tight clothing)

Question 13

clubbing of digits can be caused by

Answer 13

chronic hypoxia

10-15% CHD, CF, COPD

Question 14

JVD can be caused by

Answer 14

fluid overload
right heart failure
PEEP
cardiac tamponade

Question 15

nasal flaring is only seen in

Answer 15

neonates/infants

to help reduce RAW

Question 16

atrophy

Answer 16

decrease muscle mass due to lack of use/work

Question 17

hypertrophy

Answer 17

incraesed muscle mass due to increase use/work

Question 18

tenacity

Answer 18

stickiness

Question 19

mucoid

Answer 19

clear thick stringy

Question 20

streaked

Answer 20

infection

Question 21

pink/frothy

Answer 21

pulmonary edema

Question 22

bright red

Answer 22

TB
PE
cancer

Question 23

yellow/green (purulent)

Answer 23

pneumonia
bronchiectasis
chronic bronchitis
CF

Question 24

dark green to brown with purulence

Answer 24

lung abscess

bronchiectasis (layering)

Question 25

bronchorrhea

Answer 25

greater than 100 ml of watery secretions (chronic bronchitis)

Question 26

skin turgor

Answer 26

the time it takes for the skin to return to normal

Question 27

subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 27

air leaks from lungs into subcutaneous tissue

Question 28

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 28

bp will vary with respirations

Question 29

pulsus alternas

Answer 29

alternating strong/ weak pulse

Question 30

when the trachea goes towards the problem the issue might be?

Answer 30

atelectasis

pneumonia

Question 31

when the trachea goes away from the problem it might be what?

Answer 31

pneumothorax
pleural effusion
tumor

Question 32

increased tactile fremitus can include what disease?

Answer 32

pneumonia
lung tumor
atelectasis

Question 33

decreased tactile fremitus can include what diseases?

Answer 33

mucous plug or foreign object
pneumo
pleural effusion
copd

Question 34

tachypnea

Answer 34

rapid rate of breath

Question 35

apnea

Answer 35

cessation of breathing

Question 36

biots

Answer 36

breathing with long periods of apnea

Question 37

cheyne stokes

Answer 37

breaths deep and fast with periods of apnea

Question 38

kussmauls

Answer 38

deep and fast

Question 39

paradoxical

Answer 39

portion of chest moves opposite

Question 40

egophony

Answer 40

patient repeats the letter “E” but it hast the sound of “A” when heard

indicate an area of consolidation

Question 41

unilateral reduction could be caused by?

Answer 41

pleural effusion

pneumothorax

Question 42

resonance is what?

Answer 42

hollow sound

normal sound of lungs

Question 43

flat/ dull percussion includes?

Answer 43

can include solids or liquids

muscle, organs, atelectasis, and pleural effusion

Question 44

tympany/hyperresonance includes what?

Answer 44

increased air present

pneumothorax, emphysema, asthma

Question 45

prothrombin time takes how long for it to be normal?

Answer 45

12-15 seconds

critical is greater than 30 sec

Question 46

if the eosinophils are increased then what can be the problem?

Answer 46

asthma

Question 47

if the basophils are increased then what could be the issue?

Answer 47

chronic bronchitis

Question 48

what are the 2 forms of water loss?

Answer 48

sensible- urine and GI tract

insensible- evaporation from skin/lungs through body temp

Question 49

what is BNP?

Answer 49

b type natriuretic peptide

neurohormones secreted in the ventricles in response to volume and pressure overload

Question 50

what is normal bnp?

Answer 50

less than 20
less than 100 to rule out CHF
greater than 500 is CHF

Question 51

what is inhaled nitric oxide used for?

Answer 51

treats PTHN, shunting, increased pvr, pap, right ventricular failure, ards, and sickle cell crisis

Question 52

NO2 levels should not exceed

Answer 52

2-3 ppm

Question 53

what is exhaled carbon manoxide?

Answer 53

the measurement of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide

normal= 1-3%

Question 54

what is end tidal capnography?

Answer 54

measure co2 levels via infrared light at the end of expiration

Question 55

what are the 2 types of PetCO2?

Answer 55

mainstream- the sensor is a part of the breathing circuit

sidestream- non-intubated patients

Question 56

list the levels of the Glasgow scale?

Answer 56

13-15= admitted to ICU for observation only
9-13= significant insult with depressed loc
less than 8= along with abnormal CT, intubate, and icp monitoring required

Question 57

what is normal icp?

Answer 57

7-15

Question 58

for ICP the higher the head the lower the ???

Answer 58

icp

Question 59

what affects cpp

Answer 59

map icp