Respiratory/Pathology

Question 1

Hyaline membrane disease primarily occurs in what type of patients?

Answer 1

premature infants

Question 2

In hyaline membrane disease, the progressive underaeration of lungs results from a lack of what?

Answer 2

Surfactant

Question 3

For the technologist’s safety it is important to remember that tuberculosis is spread mainly by _____, which produces infectious ________.

Answer 3

Droplets, sputum

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467

Question 4

The lining of the thoracic cavity is called ________.

Answer 4

Perital Pleura

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 19

Question 5

The coverings of the lungs is called the _______.

Answer 5

Visceral Pleural

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 #3

Question 6

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent or pus like material is called ________.

Answer 6

lung abcess

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 6

Question 7

Flattening of the domes of diaphragm, increased AP diameter of chest, increased lucency of retrosternal air space are suggestive of a diagnosis of ________.

Answer 7

empysema

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 8

Question 8

What medical emergency has occurred when air continues to enter the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to complete collapse of a lung and shift of the heart and mediastinal structures.

Answer 8

pneumothorax

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 11

Question 9

When does a tension pneumothorax most often occur?

Answer 9

When a blunt or penetrating injury creates a one-way valve within the lung. (internet)

Question 10

Pus in the pleural space is called?

Answer 10

empyema

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 12

Question 11

The valsalva maneuver can cause the heart and major blood vessels to :

a. appear enlarged
b. appear smaller
c. appear elevated
d. show no change

Answer 11

b. appear smaller

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 15

Question 12

What medical term is used to describe the entry of air in the pleural space?

Answer 12

pneumothorax

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 23

Question 13

An increased volume of air in the lungs is seen in ______.

Answer 13

empyhsema

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 24

Question 14

Reduced air volume within a lung leading to collapse is termed _________

Answer 14

atelectasis

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 28

Question 15

Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest can produce _________ which appears as streaks of air that outline muscles of the thorax and sometimes neck.

Answer 15

subcutaneous emphysema

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 30

Question 16

Name the 2 positions that are sometimes used to demonstrate a pneumothorax that are different from the routine chest radiograph positions.

Answer 16

expiration, lateral decub

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 31

Question 17

What radiographic position is sometimes helpful in diagnosing very small pleural effusions?

Answer 17

Lateral decub

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 34

Question 18

An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, sometimes caused by heart failure or pulmonary embolus is called:

a. empyema
b. edema
c. effusion
d. abscess

Answer 18

c. effusion

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 83
Answer p. 467 # 36

Question 19

Radiographic appearance appears as a fat epiglottic shadow (lateral neck projection) - often seen in children

Answer 19

Epiglottitis p. 36

Eisenberge 3rd edition

Question 20

The aspiration of esophageal or gastric contents into the lung can lead to the development of this respiratory disorder.

Answer 20

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 21

It includes several conditions in which chronic obsttiction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes it difficult to breath.

Answer 21

COPD

Give examples of COPD

Question 22

Radiographic appearance : pulmonary overinflation, alterations in pulmonary vasculature, bullae formation.

Answer 22

Emphysema

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 49

Question 23

More than 95 % of these arise from thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremities because of the venous stasis.

Answer 23

Pulmonary emboli

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 64

Question 24

TRUE/FALSE

In 80 % of patients with pulmonary emboli the condition does not cause symptoms and remains unrecognized.

Answer 24

TRUE

Why?
Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 64

Question 25

Presence of air in the pleural cavity, results in a partial, complete collapse of the lung.

Answer 25

PNEUMOTHORAX

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 73

Question 26

What are the symptoms of a patient with a pneumothorax?

Answer 26

sudden severe chest pain
dyspnea

Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 73

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE

When taking a chest x-ray questioning a pneumothorax, the CXR should be done in an upright position.

Answer 27

TRUE
Why?
Eisenberg 3rd edition p. 73