Respiratory pathology

Question 1

What is an example of Type III hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 1

rheumatoid arthritis
SLE

Question 2

What is an example of Type II hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 2

haemolytic anaemia (RBCs are destroyed)
antibody mediated

Question 3

What is anaphylaxis an example of

Answer 3

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 4

What are the two types of pleural effusion

Answer 4

Transudate (normal excess fluid)
Exudate (inflammatory fluid)

Question 5

What are features of restrictive lung disease

Answer 5

FEV1/FVC ratio is same or increased (FVC decrease)
TLC is decreased

Question 6

What is utricaria

Answer 6

Type I hypersensitivity reaction to stinging nettles

Question 7

What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 7

-alveolitis (inflammation in alveoli walls)
-proliferation of fibroblasts
-depositing of collagen and ECM
-decreased lung compliance

Question 8

What is the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis

Answer 8

-hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the goblet cells
-hypersecretion of mucus

Question 9

What does repeated inflammation in asthma lead to

Answer 9

• excess mucus production by goblet cell and glandular hypertrophy
• bronchial wall oedema due to inflammatory exudate: eosinophil and mast cells accumulate
• smooth muscle hypertrophy

Question 10

outcomes of pneumonia

Answer 10

-resolution
-formation of type I and II pneumocytes
-repair by fibrosis
-abscess formation
-empyema
-bacteraemia
-death