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Module 2 > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

What is the target for atropine and interaction

A

Muscarinic AChR
Antagonist

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for atropine

A

Blocks ACh action at the parasympathetic terminals
reversible and non-specific

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3
Q

What are the uses of atropine

A

-cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscles in eye)
-anterior uveitis
-symptomatic bradycardia (due to over use of beta blockers)
-treatment of poisoning by insecticide
GI disorders

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4
Q

What are the side effects of atropine

A

Constipation
dizziness
drowsiness
dry mouth
dyspepsia
flushing
headache
nausea
palpitations
skin reactions
tachycardia
urinary disorders
vision disorders
vomiting

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5
Q

What is the target and action of ipratropium

A

Muscarinic AChR antagonist

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium

A

Blocks ACh induced bronchoconstriction

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7
Q

What are the uses of ipratropium

A

(inhaled)
-reversible airway obstruction
-COPD
-acute bronchospasms
-severe or life threatening acute asthma
-rhinitis

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8
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium

A

Arrhythmias
constipation
cough
dizziness
dry mouth
headache
nausea
GI disorders

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9
Q

What is the target and action of tiotropium

A

Muscarinic AChR antagonist

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tiotropium

A

Blocks ACh induced bronchoconstriction

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11
Q

What is the use of tiotropium

A

inhaled
COPD maintenance

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12
Q

What are the side effects of tiotropium

A

Arrhythmias
constipation
cough
dizziness
dry mouth
headache
nausea
GI disorders
risk of infection

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13
Q

What is the drug target and action of salbutamol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor
agonist
SABA

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of salbutamol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation

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15
Q

What are the uses of salbutamol

A

Relief of bronchospasm in acute and chronic asthma and COPD

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16
Q

What are the side effects of salbutamol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps

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17
Q

What is the target and action of salmeterol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA)

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of salmeterol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation

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19
Q

What are the uses of salmeterol

A

-Reversible airways obstruction in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Nocturnal asthma in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Chronic asthma only in patients who regularly use an inhaled corticosteroid (not for immediate relief of acute asthma)

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20
Q

What are the side effects of salmeterol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps

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21
Q

What is the target and action of formoterol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor agonist

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of formoterol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation
LABA

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23
Q

What are the uses of formoterol

A

-Reversible airways obstruction in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Nocturnal asthma in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Chronic asthma only in patients who regularly use an inhaled corticosteroid (not for immediate relief of acute asthma)

24
Q

What are the side effects of formoterol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps
dizziness
nausea

25
Q

What is the target and action of atenolol

A

B1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atenolol

A

Reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the release of NA and decreases contraction of cardiac tissue

27
Q

What are the uses of atenolol

A

-Hypertension
-Angina
-Arrhythmias
-Migraine prophylaxis
-Early intervention within 12 hours of myocardial infarction

28
Q

What are the side effects of atenolol

A

Abdominal discomfort
bradycardia
confusion
depression
diarrhoea
dizziness
dry eye (reversible on discontinuation)
dyspnoea
erectile dysfunction
fatigue; headache
heart failure
nausea
paraesthesia
peripheral coldness
rash (reversible on discontinuation)
Raynaud’s phenomenon
sleep disorders
syncope
visual impairment
vomiting
GI disorders

29
Q

What is the drug target and action of propranolol

A

B1 and B2 adrenergic antagonist

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propranolol

A

Reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the release of NA and decreases contraction of cardiac tissue

31
Q

What are the uses of propranolol

A

-hypertension
-primary prevention of cirrhosis
-angina
-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-anxiety with palpation and tremor
-prophylaxis
-arrythymias

32
Q

What are the side effects of propranolol

A

Bradycardia
fatigue
cold extremities
bronchospasm

33
Q

What is the drug target and action of theophylline

A

(Methylxanthine)
Phosphodiesterase (enzyme) inhibitor

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of theophylline

A

Competitively inhibits type III and type IV phosphodiesterase (the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP in smooth muscle cells) causing bronchodilation due to smooth muscle relaxation

35
Q

What are the uses of theophylline

A

Asthma
COPD

36
Q

What are the side effects of theophylline

A

Anxiety
arrhythmias
diarrhoea
dizziness
gastrointestinal discomfort
gastrooesophageal reflux disease
headache
hyperuricaemia
nausea
palpitations
seizure
skin reactions
sleep disorders
tremor
urinary disorders
vomiting
hypokalemia

37
Q

What is the drug target and action of montelukast

A

Leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of montelukast

A

-Bind to the leukotriene receptors in the smooth muscles of the respiratory airways
-prevent leukotriene from binding
-this weakens smooth muscle contraction in the respiratory tract
-decreases mucus secretion
-reduces inflammation

39
Q

What are the uses of montelukast

A

Asthma
allergic rhinitis

40
Q

What are the side effects of montelukast

A

Headache
abdominal pain
diarrhea
insomnia
vomiting

41
Q

What is the drug target and action of beclomethasone

A

corticosteroid receptor agonist (inhaled)

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beclometasone

A

Decreases mucus secretion, reduces inflammation and relaxes smooth muscles
-downregulate COX2 which prevent PG release
-inhibit Th2 proliferation (prevent IL-4/5 release)

43
Q

What are the uses of beclometasone

A

-first line treatment for chronic asthma
-rhinitis
-severe inflammatory skin disorders

44
Q

What are the side effects of beclometasone

A

-oral thrush
-hoarseness
-cough
-headache
-pneumonia (in COPD patients)

45
Q

What is the drug action and target for fluticasone

A

corticosteroid receptor agonist (inhaled)

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluticasone

A

Decreases mucus secretion, reduces inflammation and relaxes smooth muscles
-downregulate COX2 which prevent PG release
-inhibit Th2 proliferation (prevent IL-4/5 release)

47
Q

What are the uses of fluticasone

A

-prophylaxis of asthma
-rhinitis
-nasal polyps
-severe inflammatory skin disorders

48
Q

What are the side effects of fluticasone

A

-oral thrush
-hoarseness
-cough
-headache
-pneumonia (in COPD patients)

49
Q

What is the drug target and action of aspirin

A

cyclooxygenase 1 & 2 inhibitor (irreversible)
NSAID

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin

A

absorption in the liver
-Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets by covalent acetylation, thereby decreasing production of thromboxane A2 in platelets (anti-platelet)
-Inhibiting COX-2, thereby reducing PG production, leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever

51
Q

What are the uses of aspirin

A

-Prevention of stroke and heart attack
-secondary prevention of DVT
-pyrexia
-acute migraine
-fever

52
Q

What are the side effects of aspirin

A

-Stomach upset
-bleeding
-allergic reactions
-asthmatic attack

53
Q

What is the drug target and action for ibuprofen

A

cyclooxygenase (COX) 1&2 inhibitor (reversible)
non-aspirin NSAID

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen

A

-Reversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets by covalent acetylation, thereby decreasing production of thromboxane A2 in platelets
-Inhibiting COX-2, thereby reducing PG production, leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever

55
Q

What are the uses of ibuprofen

A

-acute gout attack
-pain and inflammation in rheumatoid and MSK disorders
-acute migraine
-moderate pain

56
Q

What are the side effects of ibuprofen

A

-Gastrointestinal discomfort (GI)
-skin reactions
-asthma (uncommon)
-hypersensitivity

Module 2 (7 decks)

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