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Module 2 > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

What is the target for atropine and interaction

A

Muscarinic AChR
Antagonist

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for atropine

A

Blocks ACh action at the parasympathetic terminals
reversible and non-specific

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3
Q

What are the uses of atropine

A

-cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscles in eye)
-anterior uveitis
-symptomatic bradycardia (due to over use of beta blockers)
-treatment of poisoning by insecticide
GI disorders

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4
Q

What are the side effects of atropine

A

Constipation
dizziness
drowsiness
dry mouth
dyspepsia
flushing
headache
nausea
palpitations
skin reactions
tachycardia
urinary disorders
vision disorders
vomiting

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5
Q

What is the target and action of ipratropium

A

Muscarinic AChR antagonist

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium

A

Blocks ACh induced bronchoconstriction

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7
Q

What are the uses of ipratropium

A

(inhaled)
-reversible airway obstruction
-COPD
-acute bronchospasms
-severe or life threatening acute asthma
-rhinitis

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8
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium

A

Arrhythmias
constipation
cough
dizziness
dry mouth
headache
nausea
GI disorders

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9
Q

What is the target and action of tiotropium

A

Muscarinic AChR antagonist

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tiotropium

A

Blocks ACh induced bronchoconstriction

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11
Q

What is the use of tiotropium

A

inhaled
COPD maintenance

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12
Q

What are the side effects of tiotropium

A

Arrhythmias
constipation
cough
dizziness
dry mouth
headache
nausea
GI disorders
risk of infection

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13
Q

What is the drug target and action of salbutamol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor
agonist
SABA

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of salbutamol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation

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15
Q

What are the uses of salbutamol

A

Relief of bronchospasm in acute and chronic asthma and COPD

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16
Q

What are the side effects of salbutamol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps

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17
Q

What is the target and action of salmeterol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA)

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of salmeterol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation

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19
Q

What are the uses of salmeterol

A

-Reversible airways obstruction in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Nocturnal asthma in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Chronic asthma only in patients who regularly use an inhaled corticosteroid (not for immediate relief of acute asthma)

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20
Q

What are the side effects of salmeterol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps

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21
Q

What is the target and action of formoterol

A

B2 adrenergic receptor agonist

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of formoterol

A

Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways, leading to bronchodilation
LABA

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23
Q

What are the uses of formoterol

A

-Reversible airways obstruction in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Nocturnal asthma in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients requiring long-term regular bronchodilator therapy
-Chronic asthma only in patients who regularly use an inhaled corticosteroid (not for immediate relief of acute asthma)

24
Q

What are the side effects of formoterol

A

Tremor
palpitations
tachycardia
anxiety
Muscle cramps
dizziness
nausea

25
What is the target and action of atenolol
B1 adrenergic receptor antagonist
26
What is the mechanism of action of atenolol
Reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the release of NA and decreases contraction of cardiac tissue
27
What are the uses of atenolol
-Hypertension -Angina -Arrhythmias -Migraine prophylaxis -Early intervention within 12 hours of myocardial infarction
28
What are the side effects of atenolol
Abdominal discomfort bradycardia confusion depression diarrhoea dizziness dry eye (reversible on discontinuation) dyspnoea erectile dysfunction fatigue; headache heart failure nausea paraesthesia peripheral coldness rash (reversible on discontinuation) Raynaud's phenomenon sleep disorders syncope visual impairment vomiting GI disorders
29
What is the drug target and action of propranolol
B1 and B2 adrenergic antagonist
30
What is the mechanism of action of propranolol
Reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the release of NA and decreases contraction of cardiac tissue
31
What are the uses of propranolol
-hypertension -primary prevention of cirrhosis -angina -hypertrophic cardiomyopathy -anxiety with palpation and tremor -prophylaxis -arrythymias
32
What are the side effects of propranolol
Bradycardia fatigue cold extremities bronchospasm
33
What is the drug target and action of theophylline
(Methylxanthine) Phosphodiesterase (enzyme) inhibitor
34
What is the mechanism of action of theophylline
Competitively inhibits type III and type IV phosphodiesterase (the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP in smooth muscle cells) causing bronchodilation due to smooth muscle relaxation
35
What are the uses of theophylline
Asthma COPD
36
What are the side effects of theophylline
Anxiety arrhythmias diarrhoea dizziness gastrointestinal discomfort gastrooesophageal reflux disease headache hyperuricaemia nausea palpitations seizure skin reactions sleep disorders tremor urinary disorders vomiting hypokalemia
37
What is the drug target and action of montelukast
Leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist
38
What is the mechanism of action of montelukast
-Bind to the leukotriene receptors in the smooth muscles of the respiratory airways -prevent leukotriene from binding -this weakens smooth muscle contraction in the respiratory tract -decreases mucus secretion -reduces inflammation
39
What are the uses of montelukast
Asthma allergic rhinitis
40
What are the side effects of montelukast
Headache abdominal pain diarrhea insomnia vomiting
41
What is the drug target and action of beclomethasone
corticosteroid receptor agonist (inhaled)
42
What is the mechanism of action of beclometasone
Decreases mucus secretion, reduces inflammation and relaxes smooth muscles -downregulate COX2 which prevent PG release -inhibit Th2 proliferation (prevent IL-4/5 release)
43
What are the uses of beclometasone
-first line treatment for chronic asthma -rhinitis -severe inflammatory skin disorders
44
What are the side effects of beclometasone
-oral thrush -hoarseness -cough -headache -pneumonia (in COPD patients)
45
What is the drug action and target for fluticasone
corticosteroid receptor agonist (inhaled)
46
What is the mechanism of action of fluticasone
Decreases mucus secretion, reduces inflammation and relaxes smooth muscles -downregulate COX2 which prevent PG release -inhibit Th2 proliferation (prevent IL-4/5 release)
47
What are the uses of fluticasone
-prophylaxis of asthma -rhinitis -nasal polyps -severe inflammatory skin disorders
48
What are the side effects of fluticasone
-oral thrush -hoarseness -cough -headache -pneumonia (in COPD patients)
49
What is the drug target and action of aspirin
cyclooxygenase 1 & 2 inhibitor (irreversible) NSAID
50
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin
absorption in the liver -Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets by covalent acetylation, thereby decreasing production of thromboxane A2 in platelets (anti-platelet) -Inhibiting COX-2, thereby reducing PG production, leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever
51
What are the uses of aspirin
-Prevention of stroke and heart attack -secondary prevention of DVT -pyrexia -acute migraine -fever
52
What are the side effects of aspirin
-Stomach upset -bleeding -allergic reactions -asthmatic attack
53
What is the drug target and action for ibuprofen
cyclooxygenase (COX) 1&2 inhibitor (reversible) non-aspirin NSAID
54
What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen
-Reversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets by covalent acetylation, thereby decreasing production of thromboxane A2 in platelets -Inhibiting COX-2, thereby reducing PG production, leading to decreased inflammation, pain, and fever
55
What are the uses of ibuprofen
-acute gout attack -pain and inflammation in rheumatoid and MSK disorders -acute migraine -moderate pain
56
What are the side effects of ibuprofen
-Gastrointestinal discomfort (GI) -skin reactions -asthma (uncommon) -hypersensitivity

Module 2 (7 decks)

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