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Respiratory System > Respiratory Pathologies > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathologies Flashcards

0
Q

3/4 kinds sputum

A

Yellow/green - cellular material present
Clear/white - normal
Red - haemoptysis - could be tb, cancer, burst blood vessel

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1
Q

Common signs/symptoms of respiratory problems

A 
Congestion
Runny nose
Sneezing
Cough
Sputum
Wheezing
Chest pain
Breathlessness
Dyspnoea
Orthopnoea 
Tachypnoea 
Hyperventilation
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2
Q

Mucus v sputum difference

A

Mucus more fluid from sinuses

Sputum more gel-like

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3
Q

Dyspnoea definition

A

Awareness of breathing,

Difficult/painful breathing

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4
Q

Orthopnoea definition

A

Breathlessness lying down

Fluid on lungs

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5
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Increased rate breathing

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6
Q

Which cells may be in sputum which are mischief makers in asthma

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

Medical investigations for respiratory pathologies

A

Blood tests (wbc count)
Biochemistry tests
Sputum analysis & microbiology
Imaging - chest x ray/ mri

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8
Q

Naturopathic investigations respiratory pathologies

A

Tongue investigation
Sputum colour
Pulse diagnosis
Allergy testing

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9
Q

Physical examinations for respiratory disorders

A

Percussion & auscultation

Respiratory/function tests

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10
Q

Term referring to acute CATARRHAL inflammation/congestion of nasal mucosa associated with nasal discharge

A

Coryza

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11
Q

What is catarrh

A

Excessive thick

Mucous & white blood cells associated with inflammation/ congestion of respiratory tract mucosa

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12
Q

Non-allergic rhinitis associated with what

A 
Environmental & lifestyle changes
Humidity
Diet
Depression
Stress etc
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13
Q

Causes of Coryza

A 
Infection (cold)
Allergies/hay fever
Non-allergic rhinitis
Sinusitis 
Measles

Can occur simultaneously

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14
Q

Anosmia meaning

A

loss smell

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15
Q

2 viruses causing common cold

A

rhinovirus or coronavirus

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16
Q

What can be an early sign of sinusitis

A

a tooth infection

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17
Q

Pathophysiology nasal polyps

A

chronic inflammation -
BVs in nose lining more permeable-
get waterlogged + gravity = polyps

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18
Q

Why might antibiotics be a good idea if your child has tonsillitis

A

if bacterial, strep.

v damaging to kidneys - after 1 day, go allopathic

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19
Q

how to tell if tonsillitis is viral/bacterial

A

bacterial temp higher

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20
Q

quinsy also known as

A

peritonsillar

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21
Q

dysphagia means

A

difficulty swallowing

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22
Q

Trismus means

A

limited mouth opening

23
Q

Hyperplasia definition

A

abnormal increase in normal number of cells

24
Q

two types asthma

A

EXTRINSIC - Allergic asthma

INTRINSIC - via exposure to irritant (no antibodies)

25
Q

Which type asthma adults/kids usually get

A

Kids - extrinsic allergic, linked to excema

adults intrinsic

26
Q

Difference between blue & brown pump asthma

A

blue - bronchi dilators

brown corticosteroids

27
Q

how to tell if an asthma attack is bad

A

person cannot speak in sentences

28
Q

what to do in case of bad asthma attack

A

focus on breathing out/into brown paper bag
keep calm
use inhaler/nebuliser
call ambulance if not under control

29
Q

What does COPD stand for

A

Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease

30
Q

2 main diseases of COPD

A

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis

31
Q

Why called COPD?

A

Most tend to have both diseases, so more accurate.
Emphysema always has Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis not always emphysema

32
Q

what happens in emphysema

A

walls/ducts alveoli damaged/destroyed

reduced gas exchange in lungs

33
Q

progression of emphysema

A

Alveoli rupture and inflamed tissues scars -

Pulmonary Fibrosis

34
Q

what happens in Chronic bronchitis

A

constant irritation/inflammation bronchial lining = accumulation of mucous. narrowing of passageways hard to breathe

35
Q

progression chronic bronchitis

A

stagnant mucous/pus blocks airways

36
Q

Symptoms COPD

A 
early - smokers cough
chronic cough stinky sputum
dyspnoea, wheezing
clubbed nails - not enough 02 to peripheries
cyanosis
barrel chest - straining to breathe more
37
Q

Complications COPD

A

Hypoxia
Pulmonary Hypertension
Respiratory Failure

38
Q

how do you get cystic fibrosis

A

genetic

39
Q

what happens in Cystic Fibrosis

A

Lungs and Digestive system clog with thick sticky mucus

40
Q

What is lung fibrosis also known as

A

pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

what happens in pulmonary fibrosis

A

gradual fibrosis and loss elasticity in lungs

42
Q

causes pulmonary fibrosis

A

idiopathic
or
secondary to CF, COPD

43
Q

What happens in obstructive sleep apnoea

A

walls of throat relax and narrow during sleep

interrupts breathing

44
Q

2 types sleep apnoea

A

apnoea - full blockage

hypopnoea - partial

45
Q

causes sleep apnoea

A

obesity, enlarged tonsils, nasal obstructions, alcohol, sedatives

46
Q

symptoms sleep apnoea

A

loud snoring, nocturnal choking, morning headache, tiredness

47
Q

what is pneumothorax

A

air trapped in pleura next to lung

lung fully or partially collapses

48
Q

2 types pneumothorax

A

spontaneous - secondary to TB, CF, Emphysema, asthma, cancer

traumatic - puncture to chest wall/surgery complication

49
Q

Symptoms pneumothorax

A

cyanosis, hypoxia, loss consciousness, coma

EMERGENCY!!!

50
Q

What is Pleurisy/pleuritis

A

inflammation of pleura due to infection or cancer

51
Q

symptoms pleurisy/pleuritis

A

sharp chest pain, worse with breathing

52
Q

What happens in pulmonary embolism

A

Embolus (mobile clot) blocks pulmonary artery, usually from a DVT

53
Q

symptoms pulmonary embolism

A

sharp stabbing chest pain, dyspnoea, cough, fainting

54
Q

complications pulmonary embolism

A

shock due to blocked pulmonary circulation

Respiratory System (3 decks)

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