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Drugs > Respiratory/Other toxicity drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory/Other toxicity drugs Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 1st generation/ Reverisble inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha andrenergic
4) Fun Facts: Names contain "-en/-ine" or "-en/-ate"</p>

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2
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Allergy

2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 2nd generation/reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
4) Fun Facts: Name usually ends in “-adine”</p>

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3
Q

<p>Albuterol</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Asthma, acute exacerbation

2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes broncial smooth muscle
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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4
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Salmeterol, formoterol</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma, prophylaxis

2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, long acting
3) Side effects/ADEs: Tremor, arrhythmia
4) Fun Facts</p>

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5
Q

<p>Ipratropium</p>

A

<p>1) Use: asthma, COPD (tiotropium)

2) Class/MOA: Long Acting muscarinic antagonist/ competeitve block of muscarinic receptors, prevents bronchoconstriction
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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5
Q

Tox: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

A

Rx: Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

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6
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Beclomethasone, fluticasone</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: 1st line for chronic asthma

2) Class/MOA: Corticosteroid/ inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NFkB transcription factor for production of TNF alpha, among other inflammatory agents
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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7
Q

<p>Montelukast, zafirlukast</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Block Asthma, especially aspirin induced

2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/block leukotriene receptor
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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8
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Zileuton</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma

2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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9
Q

<p>Omalizumab</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroid and long acting beta agonists

2) Class/MOA: Monoclonal anti IgE antibody, binds mosly unbound serum IgE
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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10
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Theophylline</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma

2) Class/MOA: Methylxanthines/ causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis, blocks adenosine
3) Side effects/ADEs: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolized by P450 these limit use
4) Fun Facts</p>

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11
Q

<p>Guaifenesin</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Expectorant

2) Class/MOA: Thins respiratory secreitons, doesn't suppress cough reflex
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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12
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>N-acetylcysteine</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Expectorant, CF patients, antidote for acetaminophen overdose

2) Class/MOA: Mucolytic, loosen mucous plugs (CF patients)
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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12
Q

Tox: Cyanide

A

Rx: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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13
Q

<p>Bosentan</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Pulmonary arterial hypertension

2) Class/MOA: Compeitively antagonizes endothelin 1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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14
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Dextromethorphan</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: antitussive=cough suppressant

2) Class/MOA: Antagonizes glutamate recptors, synthetic codeine analog
3) Side effects/ADEs: Mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential
4) Fun Facts: Naloxone can be given for overdose</p>

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14
Q

Tox: CO

A

Rx: 100% O2, Hyperbaric O2

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15
Q

<p>Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine</p>

A

<p>1) Use: Nonprescription nasal decongestants: Reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion, obstructed eustachian tubes

2) Class/MOA: Sympathomimetic alpha antagonistic
3) Side effects/ADEs: Hypertension, CNS stimulaiton/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
4) Fun Facts: also used as a stimulant and to make meth</p>

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16
Q

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Methacholine</p>

A

<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma challenge testing

2) Class/MOA: Muscarinic receptor agonist
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>

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16
Q

Tox: Opiods

A

Rx: Naloxone/naltrexone

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17
Q

<p>What is bronchoconstriction mediated by?</p>

A

<p>1 ) Inflammatory processes 2) prasympathetic tone so therapy is direct at these 2 pathways</p>

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17
Q

Tox: Benzodiazepines

A

Rx: Flumazenil

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18
Q

Tox: Acetaminophen

A

Rx: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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19
Q

Tox: Salicylates

A

Rx: NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

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19
Q

Tox: Heparin

A

Rx: Protamine

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20
Q

Tox: Amphetamines (basic)

A

Rx: NH4Cl (acidify urine)

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21
Q

Tox: AchE inhibitors, organophosphates

A

Rx: Atropine, Pralidoxime

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21
Q

Tox: tPA, Streptokinase, Urokinase

A

Rx: Aminocaproic acid

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23
Q

Tox: B-blockers

A

Rx: Glucagon

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23
Q

Rxn: Coronary vasospasm

A

Rx: Cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

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24
Q

Tox: Digitalis

A

Rx: Normalize K+, Lidocaine, Anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+

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25
Q

Tox: Iron

A

Rx: Deferoxamine, deferasirox

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25
Q

Rxn: Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Rx: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin

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26
Q

Tox: Lead

A

Rx: CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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27
Q

tox: Mercury, arsenic, gold

A

Rx: Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

27
Q

Rxn: Agranulocytosis

A

Rx: Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Dapsone

28
Q

Tox: Copper, arsenic, gold

A

Rx: Penicillamine

29
Q

Rxn: Direct Coombs + hemolytic anemia

A

Rx: Methyldopa, PCN

30
Q

Tox: Methemoglobin

A

Rx: Methylene blue, vit C

31
Q

Rxn: Hemolysis in G6PD-defic pts

A

Rx: Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Primaquine, ASA, Ibuprof, Nitrofurantoin

32
Q

Tox: Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Rx: Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis

34
Q

Rxn: Cough

A

Rx: ACE-i

35
Q

Tox: TCAs

A

Rx: NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

36
Q

Rxn: Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Rx: Erythromycin

37
Q

Tox: Warfarin

A

Rx: Vit K, FFP

38
Q

Rxn: Hepatitis

A

Rx: INH

39
Q

Tox: Theophylline

A

Rx: B-blocker

40
Q

Rxn: Adrenocortical insuffic

A

Rx: Glucocorticoid w/drawal (HPA suppression)

41
Q

Rxn: Cutaneous flushing

A

Rx: Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacine, Ca2+ channel, blockers

42
Q

Rxn: Hot flashes

A

Rx: Tamoxifen, Clomiphene

43
Q

Rxn: Torsades de pointes

A

Rx: Class III (Sotalol) and class IA (quinidine) anti-arrhyth

45
Q

Rxn: Aplastic anemia

A

Rx: Chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil, methimazole

45
Q

Rxn: Fat redistribution

A

Rx: Glucocorticoids, protease-i

47
Q

Rxn: Gray baby syndrome

A

Rx: Chloramphenicol

47
Q

Rxn: Gout

A

Rx: Furosemide, Thiazides, NIacin, Cyclosporine

49
Q

Rxn: Megaloblastic anemias

A

Rx: Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drgs

50
Q

Rxn: Thrombotic complications

A

Rx: OCPs (estrogens)

50
Q

Rxn: Photosensitivity

A

Rx: Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracycline

52
Q

Rxn: Pulm fibrosis

A

Rx: Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan

52
Q

Rxn: SLE-like syndrome

A

Rx: Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin

54
Q

Rxn: Focal-massive hepatic necrosis

A

Rx: Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

55
Q

Rxn: DI

A

Rx: Lithium, demeclocycline

56
Q

Rxn: Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Rx: Clindamycin, ampicillin

58
Q

Rxn: Gynecomastia

A

Rx: Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimeditine, chronic alcohol use, estrogens, Ketoconazole

58
Q

Rxn: Interstitial nephritis

A

Rx: Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

60
Q

Rxn: Hyperglycemia

A

Rx: Niacin, tacrolimus, protease-i, HCTZ, corticosteroids

61
Q

Rxn: Hypothyroidism

A

Rx: Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides

61
Q

Rxn: Parkinson-like syndrome

A

Rx: Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide

63
Q

Rxn: Gingival hyperplasia

A

Rx: Phenytoin, Verapamil

64
Q

Rxn: Antimuscarinic

A

Rx: Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, Neuroleptics

65
Q

Rxn: Myopathies

A

Rx: Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, Interferon-a, Penicillamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids

66
Q

Rxn: Osteoporosis

A

Rx: Corticosteroids, heparin

67
Q

Rxn: Serotonin Syndrome

A

Rx: Cryoheptadine (5-HT1/2 receptor antagonist, Antihistamine)

68
Q

Rxn: Rash (SJS)

A

Rx: PCN, Ethosuximide, Carbamazepine, Sulfa drugs, Lamotrigine, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital

70
Q

Rxn: Teeth changes (kds)

A

Rx: Tetracyclines

71
Q

Rxn: Tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage dmge

A

Rx: Fluoroquinolones

73
Q

Rxn: Fanconi’s

A

Rx: Expired tetraycline

74
Q

Rxn: Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Rx: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide (prevent by coadministering with mesna)

76
Q

Rxn: SIADH

A

Rx: Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide

77
Q

Rxn: Cichoism

A

Rx: Quinidine, Quinine

79
Q

Rxn: Seizures

A

Rx: Isoniazid, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide

80
Q

Rxn: Tardive dyskinesia

A

Rx: Antipsychotics

82
Q

Rxn: Disulfiram-like rxn

A

Rx: Metronidazole, certain Cephalosporins, Procarbazine, 1st-gen Sulfonylureas

83
Q

Rxn: Nephrotoxicity/Ototoxicity

A

Rx: Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Loop diuretics, Cisplatin

85
Q

P-450 Inducers

A 
Modafinil
Barbiturates
St. John's wort
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
Chronic alcohol use
86
Q

P-450 Inhibitors

A 
Macrolides
Amiodarone
Grapefruit juice
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ritonavir
Acute alcohol abuse
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides
Gemfibrozil
Quinidine
87
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Probenicid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide Ab’s, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
-Rxns: fever, UTI, pruritic rash, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and urticaria (hives)

Drugs (11 decks)

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