Respiratory/Other toxicity drugs Flashcards
<p>Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine</p>
<p>1) Use: Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 1st generation/ Reverisble inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha andrenergic
4) Fun Facts: Names contain "-en/-ine" or "-en/-ate"</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Allergy
2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 2nd generation/reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
4) Fun Facts: Name usually ends in “-adine”</p>
<p>Albuterol</p>
<p>1) Use: Asthma, acute exacerbation
2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes broncial smooth muscle
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Salmeterol, formoterol</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma, prophylaxis
2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, long acting
3) Side effects/ADEs: Tremor, arrhythmia
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p>Ipratropium</p>
<p>1) Use: asthma, COPD (tiotropium)
2) Class/MOA: Long Acting muscarinic antagonist/ competeitve block of muscarinic receptors, prevents bronchoconstriction
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
Tox: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents
Rx: Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Beclomethasone, fluticasone</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: 1st line for chronic asthma
2) Class/MOA: Corticosteroid/ inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NFkB transcription factor for production of TNF alpha, among other inflammatory agents
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p>Montelukast, zafirlukast</p>
<p>1) Use: Block Asthma, especially aspirin induced
2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/block leukotriene receptor
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Zileuton</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma
2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p>Omalizumab</p>
<p>1) Use: Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroid and long acting beta agonists
2) Class/MOA: Monoclonal anti IgE antibody, binds mosly unbound serum IgE
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Theophylline</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma
2) Class/MOA: Methylxanthines/ causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis, blocks adenosine
3) Side effects/ADEs: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolized by P450 these limit use
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p>Guaifenesin</p>
<p>1) Use: Expectorant
2) Class/MOA: Thins respiratory secreitons, doesn't suppress cough reflex
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>N-acetylcysteine</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Expectorant, CF patients, antidote for acetaminophen overdose
2) Class/MOA: Mucolytic, loosen mucous plugs (CF patients)
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
Tox: Cyanide
Rx: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
<p>Bosentan</p>
<p>1) Use: Pulmonary arterial hypertension
2) Class/MOA: Compeitively antagonizes endothelin 1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Dextromethorphan</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: antitussive=cough suppressant
2) Class/MOA: Antagonizes glutamate recptors, synthetic codeine analog
3) Side effects/ADEs: Mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential
4) Fun Facts: Naloxone can be given for overdose</p>
Tox: CO
Rx: 100% O2, Hyperbaric O2
<p>Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine</p>
<p>1) Use: Nonprescription nasal decongestants: Reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion, obstructed eustachian tubes
2) Class/MOA: Sympathomimetic alpha antagonistic
3) Side effects/ADEs: Hypertension, CNS stimulaiton/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
4) Fun Facts: also used as a stimulant and to make meth</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Methacholine</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Use: Asthma challenge testing
2) Class/MOA: Muscarinic receptor agonist
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts</p>
Tox: Opiods
Rx: Naloxone/naltrexone
<p>What is bronchoconstriction mediated by?</p>
<p>1 ) Inflammatory processes 2) prasympathetic tone so therapy is direct at these 2 pathways</p>
Tox: Benzodiazepines
Rx: Flumazenil
Tox: Acetaminophen
Rx: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
Tox: Salicylates
Rx: NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
