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Felder > Respiratory Module 3 > Flashcards

Respiratory Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the body is Histamine found

A

Body tissue

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2
Q

Where is the highest concentration of Histamine found

A

Mast Cells and Basophils

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3
Q

What is produced in response to injury and released in allergic and hypersensitivity reaction

A

Histamine

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4
Q

What forms the foundation for many cold remedies

A

Histamine

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5
Q

Antihistamine is an antagonist of the __ receptor site

A

H1

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6
Q

Antihistamine is considered a ____ because it _____ secretions

A

Drier

Dries

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7
Q

A _______ blocks the action of histamine

A

Antihistamine

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8
Q

Seasonal allergy, Hypersensitivity, N&V, motion sickness, Parkinson’s, are indications for what drug category

A

Antihistamines

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9
Q

Histamine should be taken _____ before travel

A

30-60 min

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10
Q

Patients should want to take med _____ exposure to pollen because it is more effective in ______ them than _____ the allergic reaction

A

Before
Preventing
Treating

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11
Q

______ is sometimes used to balance anesthesia

A

Antihistamine

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12
Q

If patient is having an allergic reaction use ________ antihistamine

A

First generation

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13
Q

Dry mouth, Decreased muscle tone, dilated pupils, burred vision are common side effects of

A

First generation antihistamines

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14
Q

Fexofenadine (Allegra) should not be given with

A

Fruit Juice

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15
Q

People may use Second generation Antihistamine because is _______ however has a ________

A

Non drowsy / Not a sedative

Longer Onset w/ a short duration

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16
Q

____ is the daily dose for Second generation Antihistamines

A

10mg

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17
Q

DROWSINESS, dry mouth, CONSTIPATION, Urinary retention, Anticholinergic like, Sedation, Hypotension, Gastrotoxicity, Hypersensitivity, Photosensitivity, Paradoxical Excitement, are common side effects of

A

Antihistamines

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18
Q

Some nursing intervention of taking Antihistamines would be

A

Monitor B/P
Take food with meals to decrease N&V / Toxicity
Allegra cannot be given with fruit juice
Avoid UV rays use sun block

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19
Q

Asthma, COPD, Glaucoma, Prostate, Pregnant and lactating women are Contraindications of

A

Antihistamines

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20
Q

People with COPD/Asthma should not take Antihistamines because

A

Antihistamines dry up secretions

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21
Q

People with glaucoma should not take Antihistamines because

A

it dilates the pupils so built pressure could lead to lost sight.

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22
Q

Antihistamines can cause respiratory distress leading to __________

A

thickened secretions

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23
Q

To shrink engorged mucous membranes in the nose to relieve stuffiness is the action of

A

Nasal Decongestants

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24
Q

________ constrict the blood vessels in the nose to decrease the formation of mucous and increase drainage to LESSEN SWELLING

A

Nasal Decongestants

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25
Q

Best way to drain sinuses is to have patient

A

Blow nose

Keep head upright

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26
Q

Sympathomimetics are drugs used as

A

Nasal Decongestants

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27
Q

Sympathomimetics are commonly used to

A

Drain sinus cavity

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28
Q

Adjunct indications of Nasal Decongestants are

A

Middle ear infection, common cold

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29
Q

Gastrotoxicity, and REBOUND CONGESTION are side effects of

A

Nasal Decongestants / Sympathomimetics

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30
Q

Rebound congestion can come from Drug ____

A

overuse

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31
Q

Corticosteroids can be used as

A

Nasal Decongestants

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32
Q

Always assess _____ before administering Nasal Decongestants

A

Nasal Mucosa

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33
Q

If burning or stinging occur during use of Nasal Decongestant it is important to ______ the medication

A

discontinue

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34
Q

When taking Nasal Decongestants it is important to monitor

A

B/P and heart rate

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35
Q

People with _____ should not be taking Nasal Decongestants

A

HTN
Heart disease
Diabetes

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36
Q

To suppress cough reflex center located in the medulla in the brain is the action of

A

An Antitussive

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37
Q

______ that are ______ acting as it acts DIRECTLY ON THE COUGH REFLEX CENTER IN THE MEDULLA.

A

Antitussives

Central

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38
Q

Where is the cough reflex center located

A

Medulla

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39
Q

Most common adverse effect of Antitussives is

A

Drowsiness

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40
Q

The two types of Antitussives are

A

Peripheral

Central

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41
Q

The most effective narcotic form of an Antitussive is

A

Codeine

Hydrocodone

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42
Q

Most common non narcotic form of Antitussive is

A

Dextromethorphan (Romilar)

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43
Q

________ acting Antitussives act DIRECTLY ON THE COUGH RECEPTOR IN THE TRACHEA, PHARYNX, AND THE LUNG for a demulcent or LOCAL anesthetic effect

A

Peripheral

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44
Q

Most commonly used for patients with dry hacking non - productive cough.

A

Antitussive

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45
Q

Chewing or Sucking on Benzonatate capsules can lead to ________

A

Cardiovascular collapse

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46
Q

Do not use Antitussives in patients who have

A

COPD, Asthma

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47
Q

If cough persists beyond 5-7 days it is important for the patient to

A

Call the doctor

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48
Q

_______ reduces the viscosity and help raise thick tenacious secretion MAKING EXPULSION OF SPUTUM EASIER, ACTS DIRECTLY ON BRONCHIAL GLANDS

A

Expectorants

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49
Q

Expectorants commonly cause

A

irritation

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50
Q

Common drug dose for Guaifenesin (Robitussin)

A

20mg typical dose every 4hours / 2ml

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51
Q

Nursing implications for patients who take expectorants include

A

POSITION HIGH FOWLER, TEACH DEEP BREATHING COUGH, increase fluids w/o following meals with water

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52
Q

______ is used to Liquify thick tenacious secretions

A

Mucolytics

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53
Q

Most common Mucolytic is

A

Acetylcystein (Mucomyst) - (also used for Acetaminophen toxicity)

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54
Q

Mucolytics are not considered expectorants because they ____ the mucous not _____

A

Break not Thin

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55
Q

Mucolytics cause a _____ common to a _____

A

Odor

Rotten Egg

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56
Q

Stomatitis, bronchospasms are side effects of

A

Mucolytics

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57
Q

Nursing implications for Mucolytics include

A

Give instilled or through a Nebulizer

If liquid mix in COLA OR FRUIT JUICE

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58
Q

Inflammatory respiratory condition characterized by recurrent attack of dyspnea, wheezing, and bronchospasm

A

Asthma

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59
Q

What is the objective of giving Anti-Asthmatic Drugs

A

Give the smallest dose and to decrease the number and frequency

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60
Q

____ or ____ therapy can be used to treat Asthma

A

Single or Multi

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61
Q

Bronchodilators and Anti-inflammatories are examples of

A

Anti-asthmatic drugs

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62
Q

Sympathomimetics, Methylxanthine, Anticholinergic, and Luekotriene Inhibitors are examples of

A

Bronchodilators

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63
Q

Corticosteroids and Mast Cell Stabilizers are examples of

A

Anti-inflammatories

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64
Q

________ are used to relieve bronchospasm associated with respiratory disorders such as ASTHMA, EMPHYSEMA, AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

A

Bronchodilators

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65
Q

_____ dilate the bronchus by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. Most stimulate the BETA 2 RECEPTOR SITE

A

Sympathomimetics

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66
Q

Beta 2 receptor site is located in the

A

Lungs

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67
Q

Short acting Sympathomimetics have

A

Fast onset, shorter duration

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68
Q

______ drugs are referred to as Quick relief, rescue meds, and treating exercise induced asthma

A

Short acting Sympathomimetics

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69
Q

Albuterol (Proventil) are a ______ and is used to

A

Short acting Sympathomimetic used for quick relief for wheezing, bronchospasms

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70
Q

Isoproterenol (Isuprel) is a ______ and can cause

A

Short acting Sympathomimetic

Mucousa to become pink

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71
Q

Epinephrine is a ______ and is given with a _______ most common use is for _______

A

Short acting Sympathomimetic
Tuberculin Syringe
Anaphylaxis

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72
Q

Terbutaline (Brethine) is a ______ and can be used to ______ as it ________

A

Short acting Sympathomimetic

Prevent early labor as it decreases contractions of uterus

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73
Q

Long Acting Beta Agonist (Sympathomimetic) should not be used for

A

Acute symptoms or acute asthma attack

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74
Q

Beta Agonists are _________

A

Sympathomimetic

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75
Q

_______ act directly to relax to smooth muscle of the bronchus to increase the size and lumen or the bronchioles

A

Methyl-Xanthines

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76
Q

Methyl-Xanthines are mild _____

A

diuretics

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77
Q

_________ are used frequently for pulmonary edema

A

Methyl-Xanthines

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78
Q

Methyl-Xanthines can also be referred to as

A

Xanthines / Xanthine Derivatives

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79
Q

Thephylline (Uniphyl) is a ______ and can be used so that patient

A

Methyl-Xanthines

patient can go home

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80
Q

Theophylline (Uniphyl) should be given with a ______ until _______ then _______

A

loading dose until therapeutic effect then maintenance dose

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81
Q

Theophylline (Uniphyl) are usually given in what dose

A

10-20 mcg

82
Q

Methyl-Xanthines can _______ blood pressure and cause

A

increase

N&V

83
Q

Methyl-Xanthines should not be given with

A

Cola, Coffee, Chocolate, Charcoal

84
Q

Betablockers erythromycin and cimetidine can

A

Increase thephylline toxicity and decrease effects allupurinol

85
Q

_______ drugs block Acetycholine

A

Anticholinergic

86
Q

Anticholinergics are used to ______ _______ associated with asthma and COPD and it is similar to _________ effects

A

prevent bronchospasm

Fight or Flight effects

87
Q

A common side effect for Anticholinergics is

A

Decreased muscle tone

88
Q

Inpratropium Bromide (Atrovent) is a ______ and is commonly used for _____ patients

A

Anticholinergic

COPD

89
Q

Luekotriene causes __________ preventing ______

A

bronchoconstriction

Bronchial Asthma attacks

90
Q

______ antagonizes luekotriene which is a bronchoconstrictor to DILATE THE BRONCHUS AND DECREASE MUCUS SECRETION

A

Leukotriene antagonists

91
Q

Luekotriene Antagonists are used as _______ for _____ term management

A

Prophylactic

Longterm

92
Q

Montelukast (Singular) are _______ and is used for ages ________ and are available in

A

Luekotriene antagonists
12mo+
Tablets, Chewable tablets, Granulated

93
Q

Common side effects of Luekotriene Antagonists are

A

Hepatocixity and INCREASED INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

94
Q

Nursing implications for Luekotriene Antagonists are

A

MUST CONDUCT LIVER ENZYME TEST
CHECK SKIN FOR JAUNDICE
CHECK STOOL for consistency

95
Q

Nursing implications for Bronchodilators

A

Take Vital signs
Auscultate lungs
Give oral with food
Monitor IV rate closely

96
Q

When using Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) what are some important things to tell the patient

A

Wait one minute to recharge
If more than one drug inhaled wait 5 minutes
Rinse mouth after
Make sure Bronchodilator COMES BEFORE Corticosteroid

97
Q

Not following doctors orders can lead to

A

Rebound ***

98
Q

Isuprel and ____ should never be ______

A

Epinephrine

Given together

99
Q

When cleaning diskus it is important to never

A

RINSE

100
Q

Corticosteroids are most commonly used to

A

DECREASE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS and prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma

101
Q

Beclmethasone (Beclovent), Dexamethasone (Decadron), and Fluticasone (Flovent) are

A

Corticosteroids

102
Q

Rinsing mouth after using corticosteroids can

A

Prevent side effects

103
Q

Corticosteroids can have what effect on children

A

Stunt growth

104
Q

These drugs decrease secretions of HISTAMINE BY THE MAST CELLS

A

Mast-Cell Stabilizer

105
Q

Used for prophylactic treatment of mild bronchial asthma especially in CHILDREN when growth retardation is a concern

A

Mast-Cell Stabilizer

106
Q

Used for exercise induced bronchospasm

A

Mast-Cell Stabilizer

107
Q

Majority of histamine comes from

A

Mast Cells

108
Q

Common side effects of Mast-Cell Stabilizer are

A

Hoarseness, Burning, Stinging, Bad taste in mouth

109
Q

Mast-Cell Stabilizer are given in

A

MDI’s

110
Q

Lafir lukast - Generic and Class?

A

Accolate
Age 5+
Leukotriene Antagonist

111
Q

Beclomethasone - Generic and Class?

A

Qvar
40-160mcg
Anti-inflammatory

112
Q

Beclomethasone is a Anti-inflammatory and a

A

corticosteroid

113
Q

Diphenhydramine - Generic and Class?

A

Benadryl
25-50mg
Antihistamine First generation

114
Q

Hydroxyzine - Generic and Class?

A

Atarax Vistaril
25-50mg
Antihistamine First generation

115
Q

Loratadine - Generic and Class?

A

Claritin
10mg daily
Antihistamine Second generation

116
Q

Phenylephrine HCL - Generic and Class?

A

Neosynephrine
Topical
Nasal Decongestant Sympathomimetic

117
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Nasocort
Topical
Nasal Decongestant Corticosteroid

118
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Bomilar
Cannot be used if under age 4
Antitussives

119
Q

Guaifenesin - Generic and Class?

A

Robitussin
200mg q 4 hours
Expectorant

120
Q

Acetylcysteine - Generic and Class?

A

Mucomyst
Store in frig for 96 hours (Inhalant)
Mucolytic

121
Q

Albuterol - Generic and Class?

A

Proventil
Inhalant 2-4mg
Sympathomimetic

122
Q

Isoproterenol - Generic and Class?

A

Isuprel
SQ, IV
Sympathomimetic

123
Q

Epinephrine - Generic and Class?

A

Adrenaline
Drug choice for rescue
Sympathomimetic

124
Q

Theophylline - Generic and Class?

A

Theo-Dur
PO, IV 10-20mcg
Methylxanthine

125
Q

Ipratropium Bromide - Generic and Class?

A

Atrovent
Inhalant
Anticholinergic

126
Q

The highest concentration of histamine is found where

A

In the mast cells and basophils

127
Q

Histamine is produced in response to what

A

Injury Allergic reactions

128
Q

Antihistamines can also be called what

A

Dryers

129
Q

What is the action of antihistamines

A

Block the action of histamine at the h 1 receptor site prevent histamine from entering the receptor site

130
Q

Antihistamines a more effective at ____ and it is at relieving symptoms

A

Preventing

131
Q

Antihistamine dries and blocks

A

Secretions

132
Q

For best effect it is best to take an antihistamine —– minutes before the onset

A

30-60 min

133
Q

What are some things that antihistamines can be used for

A

Seasonal allergies hypersensitivity nausea and vomiting motion sickness Parkinson’s disease sedative adjuncts to anesthesiaallergy to drugs and blood products

134
Q

Because antihistamines have an anticholinergic like effect how can antihistamines help a person with Parkinson’s disease

A

Anticolenergics decrease muscle time and strength

135
Q

Because antihistamines can prevent nausea and vomiting it can also be used as what

A

An antiemetic

136
Q

Due to the drying effects of antihistamine One important adverse effect is

A

Respiratory distress

137
Q

When might a person with asthma not using antihistamine

A

Drying effects of antihistamines can cause dehydration if respiratory secretions become dry they may become thick and hard to expel

138
Q

First-generation antihistamines may cause pronounced

A

Drowsiness And may sometimes be used to cause ? Sedation

139
Q

First-generation antihistamines have a ____ duration of action than second-generation antihistamines

A

Shorter

140
Q

Because first-generation antihistamines have a shorter duration of action than second-generation antihistamines they must be given

A

More often

141
Q

Diphenhydramine is Also known as

A

Benadryl

142
Q

What is the Average adult dose for Hydroxyzine ( Atarax Vistaril)

A

25-50mg

143
Q

By which routes can atarax be given

A

PO IM

144
Q

Second-generation antihistamines can only be given via what route

A

Oral

145
Q

Second-generation antihistamines do not commonly cause what

A

Drowsiness

146
Q

Because second-generation antihistamines have a shorter duration of action opposed to first-generation antihistamines they should be given how often

A

Once or twice a day

147
Q

Loratadine (Claritin) is in what class of drugs

A

Second-generation antihistamine

148
Q

What 2 second-generation antihistamines average adult dose is 10 mg per day

A

Claritin and Zyrtec

149
Q

Allegra is not hit anyone under the age of

A

12

150
Q

Average adult dose for Allegra

A

60mg 2 times a day

151
Q

Allegra comes in what drug form

A

Capsules

152
Q

What drug should not be given the fruit juice

A

Allegra

153
Q

Side effects of antihistamines

A

Anti-cholinergic likeSedation hypotensionGastro toxicityHypersensitivityPhotosensitivityParadoxical excitementTolerance

154
Q

if first-generation antihistamines are to be given parenterally what muscle should you not use

A

Deltoid

155
Q

Stop antihistamines ____ days before allergy testing

A

4

156
Q

Antihistamines can be used as a part of balanced ___

A

Anesthesia

157
Q

What drug class shrinks engorged mucous membrane in the nose to relieve it stuffiness

A

Nasal decongestants

158
Q

What drug class is an adjunct in middle ear infection

A

Nasal decongestant

159
Q

If nasal decongestants are used to much or too often they can cause

A

Rebound congestion

160
Q

Don’t use nasal decongestants for longer than

A

3-5 days

161
Q

Corticosteroids _____ the inflammatory response

A

Decrease

162
Q

Codeine and Romilar are examples of

A

Central acting antitussives

163
Q

Benzononate (tessalon) is an example of

A

Peripheral acting antitussive

164
Q

What is used to relieve non productive coughs

A

Antitussives

165
Q

What drug class is contra indicated for premature babies

A

Antitussive

166
Q

When Romilar is given with _____ patients may exhibit side effects such as jerking motions to the leg and coma

A

MAOIs

167
Q

A mucolytic is a drug that breaks fish thick tenacious mucus in the lower portions of the lungs. An expectorant is a drug that thins respiratory secretions to remove more easy from the respiratory system.

A

.

168
Q

Antihistamines have _____ like side effects

A

Anticolenergic

169
Q

Anticolenergic actions of antihistamines that affect the respiratory system include

A

Dryness of the mouth nose and throat Thickening of bronchial secretions

170
Q

Antihistamines are contraindicated with ___

A

Maoi’s

171
Q

Nasal decongestants are sympathomimetic

A

.

172
Q

Uses for nasal decongestant

A

Common cold Hay fever Signiture Allergic rhinitis Congestion associated with rhinitis

173
Q

Short acting beta agonist are used to relieve

A

Broncho spasms

174
Q

Beclomethasone (Beclovent, beconase, Vanceril)

A

Antinflammatory Corticosteroid

175
Q

Dexamethasone Decadrone

A

Antinflammatory Corticosteroid

176
Q

Trimcinolone Azmacort

A

Antinflammatory Corticosteroid

177
Q

ZafirlukastAccolate

A

Lukotrine antagonist

178
Q

Theophylline (Theo-Dur, Uniphyl)

A

Methlyxanthine

179
Q

Albuterol Proventil

A

Short acting beta agonist

180
Q

Isoproterenol Isuprel

A

Short acting beta agonist

181
Q

Epinephrine Adrenaline

A

Short acting beta agonist

182
Q

Acetylcysterine Mucomyst

A

Mucolytics

183
Q

Guaifenesin Robitussin

A

Expectorant

184
Q

Dextromethorphan Romilar

A

Antitussive Central acting non narcotic

185
Q

Diphenhydramine Benadryl

A

First generation Antihistamine

186
Q

Loratadine Claritin

A

Second generation antihistamine

187
Q

Pratropium bromide Atrovent

A

Anticolenergic

188
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Romilar

189
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Robitussin

190
Q

Acetylcysterine

A

Mucomyst

191
Q

Albuterol

A

Proventil

192
Q

Theophylline

A

Elixophyllin

193
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

194
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Beclovent / Vanceril

195
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Decadrone

196
Q

Patropium Bromide

A

Atrovent

197
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Azmacort

198
Q

Isoproteronol

A

Isuprel

199
Q

Loratadine

A

Claritin

200
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Accolate

Felder (9 decks)

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