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BDS3 Human Disease > Respiratory medicine for dental students > Flashcards

Respiratory medicine for dental students Flashcards

1
Q

Hamoptysis?

A

Coughing up blood

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2
Q

Dyspnoea?

A

Breathlessness

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3
Q

Physical Respiratory system examination?

A

Pulse rate

Respiratory rate

Listen to breathing

Lung auscultation

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4
Q

Investigation for lungs?

A

Arterial blood gas (ABG) - pO2, pCO2, pH

CXR

CT scan

Peak flow

Pulmonary function test

Bronchoscopy

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5
Q

Bronchoscopy?

A

procedure to look directly at the airways in the lungs using a thin, lighted tube (bronchoscope)

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6
Q

Pulmonary function test?

A

tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.

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7
Q

Type I and II respiratory failure?

A

Type 1 - PO2 is low, PCO2 normal or low, acute asthma, pneumonia

Type 2 - PC02 is low, high PCO2, COPD & OHS

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8
Q

Low/ normal PCO2 indicates what?

A

Pneumonia

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9
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Hypoxia

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10
Q

What is type II respiratory failure?

A

Hypercapnoea

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11
Q

Examples of type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Acute asthma

Pneumonia

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12
Q

Examples of type II respiratory failure?

A

COPD

Ohs

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13
Q

What type of disease are asthma and COPD?

A

Obstructive airways disease

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14
Q

Asthma?

A

Reversible airflow obstruction

Intermittent symptoms

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15
Q

COPD?

A

Irreversible airflow obstruction

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16
Q

Are asthma symptoms continuous?

A

No , intermittent symptoms

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17
Q

What causes COPD?

A

Smoking

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18
Q

Who commonly has COPD vs asthma?

A

COPD older adults

Asthma common in children

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19
Q

Are COPD symptoms continuous?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Symptoms of asthma/copd?

A

Dyspnoea, cough, wheeze, chest tightness

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21
Q

Management of asthma / copd?

A
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22
Q

Consequences of steroids?

A

early heart attacks, strokes, liver tumors, kidney failure, and psychiatric problems.

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23
Q

Example of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Beclomethasone

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24
Q

Pneumonia?

A

inflammation and fluid in your lungs caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection

Acute illness

Fever, myalgia, headache

Cough, chest pain, sputum, dyspnoea

May require admission to hospital

May have type I respiratory failure

Consolidation on CXR

Treated with antibiotics, oxygen, intravenous fluids

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25
Q

Clinical symposium of pneumonia?

A

Fever, myalgia, headache

Cough, chest pain, sputum, dyspnoea

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26
Q

Treatment for pneumonia?

A

Antibiotics, oxygen, intravenous fluids

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27
Q

Bacteria causing pneumonia?

A

S. Pneumoniae

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28
Q

Causes of pulmonary embolism?

A
  • clot in leg often arise in legs

Recent major operations

Recent major Rama

Immobility

Major chronic disease e.g. cancer

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29
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

A

Dysponoea

Chest pain

Haemoptysis

30
Q

Treatment for pulmonary embolism?

A

Anticoagulation - injection to stomach or tablet form

  • apixaban

thrombolysis - uses drugs (thrombolytics) to get rid of blood clots.

31
Q

CXR?

A

Chest x-ray

32
Q

Sleep apnoea?

A

serious sleep disorder that happens when your breathing stops and starts while you’re asleep

33
Q

Symptoms of sleep apnea?

A

Loud snoring and obstructive apnoeas (cessation of breathing)

Daytime sleepiness

Poor concentration

34
Q

Management of sleep apnoea?

A

Weight loss

CPAP

Mandibular repositioning splint

35
Q

What is sleep apnoea associated with?

A

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

36
Q

does sleep apnoea have increased risk with LA or GA?

A

General anaesthetic

37
Q

Pneumothorax?

A

Collapsed lung

38
Q

Types of pneumothorax?

A

Primary pr secondary

39
Q

Primary pneumothorax?

A

No cause

40
Q

Secondary pneumothorax?

A

Underlying lung disease - usually COPD

41
Q

Symptoms of pneumothorax?

A

Chest pain (sudden onset)

Dyspnoea

42
Q

How o diagnose pneumothorax?

A

Clinical examination and CXR

43
Q

Treatment of pneumothorax?

A

Based on high - risk characteristic and pt wishes

  • observation/conservative
  • aspiration
  • chest pain
  • ambulatory care
44
Q

Ambulatory care?

A

Outpatient care

45
Q

Main cause of lung cancer?

A

Smoking

46
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer?

A

Cough

Haemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Weight loss

47
Q

How to diagnose lung cancer?

A

CXR

Ct scan

Bronchoscopy/ebus (biopsy- could have a mutataion and medication can be tailored according to the mutation)

48
Q

Management of lung cancer?

A

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Palliative

49
Q

If pt is experiencing haemoptysis- what is you diagnosis?

A

Initial diagnosis = lung cancer

50
Q

Chronic cough?

A

Cough lasting over 8 weeks

51
Q

What is the main thing to do if a pt has a chronic cough?

A

Exclude serious causes first

52
Q

Investigation of chronic cough?

A

CXR

Lung function

53
Q

Common causes fochrocn cough?

A

Asthma

Gastro-oesophageal reflux

Post nasal drip

54
Q

Treatment for chronic cough?

A

Inhales corticosteroids

Gastric acid suppression e.g. omeprazole

Intranasal steroid spray e.g. beconase

55
Q

Bronchiectasis?

A

Dilated, damaged airways

Clearance of muscles in lungs is not good and lungs get clogged up

56
Q

Symptoms of brnchiectasis?

A

Cough

Sputum , often copious

Hamoptysis

57
Q

How to diagnose bronchiectasis?

A

Clinica examination

CT thorax

58
Q

Tx for brinchiectasis?

A

Chest physio

Antibiotics

Inhaled bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroids

59
Q

Why prescribe steroids?

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, allergies and many other conditions

reduce redness and swelling (inflammation). This can help with inflammatory conditions such as asthma and eczema. Steroids also reduce the activity of the immune system, which is the body’s natural defence against illness and infection.

60
Q

Interstitial ling disease?

A

Thickening, inflammation of interstitium of lung

Typical in older pts

61
Q

Symptoms of interstitial lung disease?

A

Dyspnoea

Dry cough

62
Q

How to diagnose interstitial ling disease?

A

Clinical examination

Ct scan

63
Q

Tx for interstitial lung disease?

A

Corticosteroids

Oxygen

Pulmonary rehabilitation

Pirfenidone

64
Q

Effect of Covid-19 on lungs?

A

Pneumonia

Causes Acute respiratory disease syndrome

Respiratory failure

65
Q

Possible tx for Covid-9?

A

Anti-retrovirals

Supportive therapy (antipyretics, IV fluids)

Oxygen if hypoxic

Steroids (dexamethasone). If on O2

66
Q

Symptoms of Covid?

A

Cough

Dyspnoea

Sputum

Fever

67
Q

Long Covid?

A

Group of health problems persisting or developing after initial period of Covid-19 infections

68
Q

Common symptoms of long covid?

A

Extreme tiredness (fatigue, feeling short of breath, problems with your memory and concentration (brain fog), heart palpitations, dizziness, joint pain, muscle aches

69
Q

Management of long Covid?

A

Rule out other causes (PE, fibrosis)

Conservative management

70
Q

Respiratory systems and the dentists?

A

Be aware of diagnosis

Contagious infections

PPE

Medications

Mandibular splints

BDS3 Human Disease (33 decks)

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