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2.0 - ABSN NUR 334 Respiratory > Respiratory Labs and Diagnostic Testing > Flashcards

Respiratory Labs and Diagnostic Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is Oximetery?

A

The amount of hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen

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2
Q

What percentage is a normal pulse oximetry reading?

A

Greater than or equal to 95%

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3
Q

What are causes of a decreased pulse oximetry reading?

A

hypoventilation
atelectasis
pneumothorax
or other lung problems

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4
Q

Where can pulse oximetry probes be placed?

A

ear lobes
fingers
toes

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5
Q

what is the purpose of pulse oximetry monitoring in the inpatient setting?

A

to titrate O2 levels

can be used continuously or intermittently

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6
Q

What types of laboratory testing can be done on sputum samples

A

culture and gram stain
cytology
AFB ( Acid-Fast Bacillus)

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7
Q

What types of radiology studies may be ordered for a patient with lung problems?

A

CXR
CT
MRI
PET Scan

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8
Q

What does expectorate mean?

A

Coughing up sputum

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9
Q

True or False: A sputum sample can be collected by a patient spitting saliva in a cup?

A

False: Sputum is expectorated from the lungs not saliva from the mouth or throat

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10
Q

What disease process does an AFB culture test for?

A

Active Tuberculosis

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11
Q

What type of cells does a sputum cytology culture look for?

A

Cancer Cells

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12
Q

How do you collect a sputum sample?

A

In a sterile container, sent to the lab ASAP, collected first thing in the morning, can be suctioned if patient/client unable to expectorate.

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13
Q

True or False: Sputum can be suctioned from the patient and sent for a culture?

A

True

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14
Q

What are the most common views ordered for a CXR

A

PA and Lateral

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15
Q

What is important to teach your patients about preparing for a CXR?

A

remove any metal between the neck and waist

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16
Q

What labs must be checked before a patient receives CT contrast?

A

BUN/Creatine

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17
Q

Why is it important to check a BUN/Creatine level before a patient receives contrast?

A

To ensure that their kidneys are working properly, and that their body will be able to filter the contrast out of the body as waste

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18
Q

What is important to teach your diabetic patients about a CT scan?

A

If they take metformin they must hold their medication for 48 hours after the scan and drink plenty of fluids.

19
Q

Your patient asks you what they can expect during their CT scan, what do you advise them?

A

The CT scanner is preformed in radiology and shows cross-section images of the area. You will lay on a hard table that will move you in and out of the machine, you will hear some loud clicking noises as the machine takes images.
you will feel a warm flush over your body when the contrast is administered but it will only last a few seconds.

20
Q

What type of allergy is important to assess before a patient receives contrast?

A

Shellfish and iodine

21
Q

What is a MRI used for?

A

to assess lesions that are difficult to assess by CT scan, and for distinguishing vascular from nonvascular structures.

22
Q

What type of imaging is preferred for images of the lung?

A

CT

23
Q

How is MRI contrast different from CT contrast?

A

It is a contrast medium, it does not contain iodine and is safe for patients with an Iodine/ shellfish allergy

24
Q

What symptom may some people experience in a closed MRI which may require sedation?

A

Claustrophobia

25
Q

What is a PET scan used for?

A

Looks for lung disease/ cancer using a radioactive substance called a tracer

26
Q

How does a PET scan differ from a CT/MRI?

A

CT/MRI look at a specific structure while a PET scan looks at body function

27
Q

what is a bronchoscopy used for?

A

to visualize bronchi, obtain biopsy specimens or for the removal of secretions

28
Q

what is the nursing care prior to a bronchoscopy?

A

to ensure the consent form is signed, that the patient has been NPO 6-12 hours prior to exam, and to give sedative to numb the patients throat

29
Q

What nursing care follows a bronchoscopy?

A

Keeping patient NPO until gag reflex returns

Educate patient that blood tinged mucous/sputum is an expected finding

30
Q

what are unexpected findings following a bronchoscopy?

A

hemorrhage

pneumothorax

31
Q

What should you as a nurse look for if your patient is hemorrhaging after a bronchoscopy

A

sudden increase in HR and decreased BP

32
Q

If your patient is 4 hours post bronchoscopy and they develop sudden shortness of air, what might the patient be experiencing?

A

pneumothorax

33
Q

Lung biopsies can be done via?

A

Bronchoscope
transthoracic needle aspiration
open lung biopsy
video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)

34
Q

What is a thoracentesis used for?

A

to obtain or removed pleural fluid

35
Q

what is a pleural effusion?

A

collection of fluid in the pleural space that blocks good lung perfusion

36
Q

What is third spacing?

A

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in an extracellular or extravascular space

37
Q

what position should your patient be in for a thoracentesis?

A

Upright with their elbows on the overhead table, they are also instructed not to talk during the procedure

38
Q

What does a pulmonary function test (PFT) do?

A

measures lung volume, capacity, rates of flow and gas exchange

39
Q

how is a PFT performed?

A

you will ask patient to empty their lungs by gently breathing out as much air as you can, then breathe in a quick deep breath, hold for 10 seconds, and breath out as instructed. The test usually lasts for 30 min.

40
Q

what is the purpose of a forced expiratory volume test? (FEV1)

A

to measure the maximum amount of air expired forcefully from the lungs in 1 second

41
Q

What type of lung disease is a FEV1 used for?

A

Pulmonary obstructive disease

42
Q

What is a peak flow meter used for?

A

Asthma

43
Q

what can hand held peak flow meters show an early indication of?

A

Asthma Attack

2.0 - ABSN NUR 334 Respiratory (8 decks)

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