Respiratory infections Flashcards
What pathogen causes Community Acquired Pneumonia?
Streptococcus
What are symptoms of CAP?
Dysponea, sputum production, pleural pain, sweating, fever, shivers, aches and pains.
How do they measure the severity of CAP?
CURB 65 score
What is the scoring system of CURB score?
1 point = low severity
2 points = medium severity
3 points = high severity
How do you treat low severity CAP?
Amoxicillin
Penicillin allergy: Doxycycline or Clarithromycin (Erythromycin in pregnancy)
How do you treat moderate severity CAP?
Amoxicillin PLUS Clarithromycin / Erythromcyin
Penicillin Allergy: Doxycycline
How do you treat severe CAP?
Co-Amoxiclav PLUS Clarithromycin / Erythromycin
Alternative in severe cases: Levofloxacin
Whats the duration of treatment for CAP?
5 days
When would we consider whether it’s CAP or HAP if they have recently been admitted to hospital?
Consider CAP if pneumonia symptoms start less than 48 hours after hospital admission.
What is the causative pathogen in Hospital Acquired Pneumonia?
Most cases streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae. Other common causes include gram negative bacteria such as e.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Symptoms of HAP?
Dysponea, sputum production, pleural pain, sweating, fever, shivers, aches, tachycardia, tachypnoea and pains.
How do we treat non severe HAP?
1st line: Co-Amoxiclav
Alternatively: Doxycycline, cefalexin, co-trimoxazole or levofloxacin.
How do we treat severe HAP?
1st line: Tazosin, Ceftazidime, ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
How long do we treat HAP for?
5 days then review
What would we use if HAP is MRSA resistant?
Vancomycin, teicoplanin, or linezolid (if advised by micro)
What bacteria are acute COPD exacerbations caused by?
Many exacerbations are not caused by bacterial infections so will not respond to antibiotics
Symptoms of an Acute COPD exacerbation
Increased breathlessness, cough and sputum production
Whats the first line treatment for an acute COPD exacerbation?
Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Doxycyline
Whats the treatment duration for an acute COPD exacerbation?
5 days
What is normally accompanied an antibacterial for a COPD exacerbation?
Prednisolone 30mg OD for 5 days
What bacteria causes Strep Throat and Scarlett Fever?
Streptococcus bacteria
What is the first and second line treatment for strep throat and scarlett fever?
1st: Phenoxymethypenicillin
2nd: Clarithromcyin or Erythromycin in pregnancy
What are the symptoms of Scarlett fever?
Flu like symptoms, high temperature, swollen neck glands, a red rash with small raised bumps, rough feeling like sandpaper, white coating on tongue.
