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Respiratory system > Respiratory infections > Flashcards

Respiratory infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of URTIs?

A

Rhinitis
Tonsillitis
Laryngitis
Epiglottitis
Croup

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2
Q

What are the common bacterial causes of URTIs?

A

Strep. pyogenes
Strep. pneumoniae
Staph. aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Group A strep
Moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

What are the common viral causes of LRTIs?

A

Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Influenza
Respiratory syncytial virus
EBV
Coronavirus
Para flu I

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4
Q

What are the features of rhinitis?

A

Runny nose
Sneezing

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5
Q

What are the features of tonsillitis?

A

Sore throat
Swollen tonsils
Difficult swallowing
Loss of voice

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6
Q

What is the treatment of tonsillitis?

A

Treat strep throat with 10 days penicillin
Don’t give amoxicillin

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7
Q

What are the features of laryngitis?

A

Hoarse voice
Dry cough

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8
Q

What are the features of epiglottitis?

A

Hib infection
Rare and toxic
Stridor, drooling

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9
Q

What is the treatment of epiglottitis?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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10
Q

What are the features of croup?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis
Caused by para’flu I
Stridor, hoarse voice, barking cough

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11
Q

What is the treatment of croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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12
Q

What are the features of otitis media?

A

Fever, sore ear
Primary viral infection

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13
Q

What are the types of LRTIS?

A

Acute bronchitis
Tracheitis
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Empyema
Pertussis
Pneumonia

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14
Q

What are the features of acute bronchitis?

A

Increased mucus in large airways
Disturbed muco-ciliary clearance
Loos rattily cough
No treatment

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15
Q

What is the treatment of bronchitis?

A

No treatment

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16
Q

What are the features of tracheitis

A

Croup which doesn’t get better
Fever, cough, SoB

17
Q

What is the treatment of tracheitis?

A

Augmentin

18
Q

What are the features of bronchiolitis?

A

<2 years
Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea, poor feeding, cough
Crackles/ wheeze on auscultation
RSV

19
Q

What is the treatment of bronchiolitis?

A

No antibiotics

20
Q

What are the features of bronchiectasis?

A

Permanent dilatation of airways due to irreversible damage to bronchial wall causing accumulation of mucus and bacteria
Cough, breathlessness, haemoptysis
Finger clubbing, crepitations, wheeze

21
Q

What are the features of empyema?

A

Pus in pleural cavoty

22
Q

What is the treatment of empyema?

A

Antibiotics and drainage

23
Q

What are the features of pertussis?

A

Highly contagious bacterial infection
Whooping cough, vomiting, colour change

24
Q

What are the features of pneumonia?

A

Inflammation brings water into the lungs making it harder to breathe
Can result in consolidation of cellular exudate in the alveoli

25
Q

What is the anatomical classification of pneumonia?

A

Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Segmental pneumonia
Hypostatic pneumonia

26
Q

What are the signs of pneumonia?

A

Focal signs:
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnoea
- Dull percussion
- Bronchial breathing
- Crepitations
- Reduced chest expansion
- increased vocal resonance
- Pyrexia

27
Q

What is the severity scoring for pneumonia?

A

CURB 65

28
Q

What does CURB 65 stand for?

A

Confusion
Urea>7mmol
RR>30/min
BP (systolic<90) (diastolic<60)
65> age

29
Q

What is the treatment for a CURB-65 score of 0-1?

A

Amoxicillin 5 days
Clarithromycin if penicillin allergy

30
Q

What is the treatment for a CURB-65 score of 2?

A

Amoxicillin + clarithromycin 5-7 days
Levofloxacin if penicillin allergy

31
Q

What is the treatment for a CURB-65 score of 3-5?

A

Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin 7-10 days
Levofloxacin if penicillin allergy

32
Q

What causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

33
Q

What is tuberculosis primary infection?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction forms caseating granulomas

34
Q

What are caseating granulomas?

A

Macrophages, dead tissue and bacteria in the centre
TH cells and Langerhans in the periphery
Tissue in the centre dies due to caseating necrosis

35
Q

What is tuberculosis post-primary infection?

A

Reactivation of latent mycobacterium
OR
Reinfection from an outside source

36
Q

What is miliary tuberculosis?

A

Spreads to other parts of the body through the blood stream

37
Q

What is the treatment of tuberculosis?

A

RIPE regimen
4 drugs for 2 months or 2 drugs for 4 months

38
Q

What drugs are in the RIPE regimen?

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Respiratory system (11 decks)

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