Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 8- SHANE > Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ‘divisions’ of the pulmonary tree?

A

conducting division and respiratory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the structures associated with the conducting division of the pulmonary tree?

A

nasal cavities all the way down to terminal bronchioles (includes pharynx, larynx, trachea, 1 bronchi, 2 bronchi, 3 bronchi, bronchioles, and the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the structures associated with the respiratory division of the pulmonary tree?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do you see a change from ring shaped to plate shaped cartilage on the pulmonary tree?

A

intrapulmonary bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some distinguishing characteristics of intrapulmonary bronchi?

A
  • cartilage changes from rings to plates
  • there is lamina propria containing criss-crossing bundles of spirally arranged smooth muscle and elastic fibers
  • lymphoid tissue becomes more abundant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The mucosa layer of the respiratory system contains what kinds of cells?

A

ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, brush (chemosensory) and basal (stem cells for the epithelium) cells, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have epithelium?

A

ALL layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have goblet cells?

A

all the way down to segmental bronchi (i.e. no terminal bronchi or lower)

same abundance all the way until the main bronchi start, then tapers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have ciliated cells?

A

all the way down to respiratory bronchioles (i.e. no alveolar ducts or further)

same abundance all the way until the terminal bronchi, then tapers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have glands?

A

all the way down to segmental bronchi (i.e. no terminal bronchi or lower)

same abundance all the way until the lobar bronchi, then tapers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have hyaline cartilage?

A

all the way down to segmental bronchi (i.e. no terminal bronchi or lower)

tapers down in abundance from the start of the trachea to where it ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have smooth msucle?

A

all the way down to alveolar ducts (i.e. no alveolar sacs or further)

same abundance all the way until the terminal bronchi, then tapers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What layers of the pulmonary tree have elastic fibers?

A

ALL layers

same abundance all the way until the alveolar ducts, then tapers down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does/can smoking affect the trachea and bronchi in terms of epithelial?

A

1) smoking can introduce chronic irritants to the PSCC epithelium in these structures.
2) chronic irritants can cause the epithelial cells to lose their coordinated patterns, which can impact mucous removal, and eventually chronic coughing as a result
3) chronic coughing causes PSCC epithelium to undergo columnar-to-startfied squamous metaplasia (reversible but damaging particularly in trachea)

NOTE: squamous cell carcinomas have their origin in metaplastic epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kinds of characteristics of bronchioles distinguish them?

A

only the mucosa layers remain (no muscularis externa or adventitia) submucosa layer and its glands are gone

few or no goblet cells

has Clara cells

epithelial cells are more cuboidal than columnar (PSCC cells still present)- more so toward terminal bronchioles

muscularis mucosa is well developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Clara cells secrete in bronchioles?

A

a surface active agent and clara cell protein (CC16)- if CC16 levels are low, it means there is damage to that part of the bronchiole

17
Q

What does the muscularis mucosa do in bronchioles?

A

it is a major player in determining the diameter of the bronchiole (has a high elastic content of smooth muscle)

18
Q

What is the main kind of epithelial cell in terminal bronchioles?

A

cuboidal

19
Q

What is the main kind of epithelial cell in bronchioles?

A

PSCC (

20
Q

What kind of epithelium do respiratory bronchioles have?

A

ciliated cuboidal (very hard to see the cilia because they are small)

21
Q

Do respiratory bronchioles have smooth muscle and elastic CT?

A

Yes. They also have clara cells

22
Q

Alveolar ducts are lined by what?

A

alveoli and alveolar sacs

23
Q

the knobs that are part of the lining of alveolar ducts contain what?

A

smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic fibers

24
Q

What is the role of the knobs that help line the alveolar ducts?

A

they help support the structure of the wall

25
Q

What kinds of cells do alveoli contain?

A

Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes (aka alveoli cells)

macrophages

26
Q

What do Type 1 pneumocytes do in alveoli?

A

make up to 95% of the alveolar lining (squamous shaped)

27
Q

What do Type 2 pneumocytes do in alveoli?

A

cuboidal shaped (or round)

1) they serve as stem cells for type 1
2) They secrete surfactant (to reduce surface tension) and other proteins that contribute to immune function
3) make up to 5% of alveoli lining

28
Q

Which are more numerous, Type 1 or Type 2 peunocytes?

A

they are present in equal abundance

29
Q

What is the alveoli septa?

A

type 1 (and some 2) pneumocytes and their basal lamina and

the endothelial and basal lamina of the capillary

30
Q

What are the two regions of the alveolus?

A

thick and thin

31
Q

Where is the thick region of the alveolus and what does it contain?

A

where fibroblasts, macrophages, and fibers intervene between the epithelium of the alveolus and the capillary

contains type 2 epithelial cells

32
Q

What happens in the thin layer of the alveolus?

A

gas exchange

33
Q

What are the contents of the thin region of the alveolus?

A

thin layer of surfactant

type 1 epithelial cell and its basal lamina

an endothelial cell and its basal lamina

(these two basal laminas are often fused)

34
Q

What to alveoli macrophages do?

A

aka dust cells

scavenge inhaled particulate matter

35
Q

How does collateral circulation of alveoli work?

A

alveolar pores (of Kohn) are in the inter alveolar septa and they allow passage of air to occur between alveoli when normal pathways are constricted

36
Q

What are the functions of mucosa in the upper respiratory tract?

A

1) mucus of goblet cells trap particulate matter
2) epithelial ciliated cells filter air and carry particulate matter to the oropharynx to swallow or spit out

3) warm inhaled air through goblet cells in epithelium and vessels in the lamina propria


Week 8- SHANE (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions