RESPIRATORY HISTO

Question 1

What are the 3 segments that the nasal cavity is divided into?

Answer 1

There is the vestibule or opening, the respiratory segment, and the olfactory segment.

Question 2

What is a brush cell? A small granule cell? In the context of the respiratory segment of the nose

Answer 2

A brush cell is for general sensation and a small granule celll is endocrine

Question 3

Does the olfactory mucosa contain goblet cells? What makes the secretions? What do the axons of the bipolar neurons (olfactory cells) form?

Answer 3

No. The Bowman’s glands secrete. The axons make up the olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 4

What kind of gland is a Bowman’s gland?

Answer 4

Tubuloaveolar in structure in serous in secretion

Question 5

What kind of epithelium covers the pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 5

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 6

What covers the vocal folds?

Answer 6

Non-keratinized squamous epithelium–this was also a question on U-World

Question 7

What are the 4 layers of the trachea from inner to outer?

Answer 7

Mucosa w/ lamina propria, submucosa, cartilaginous layer–at least anteriorly, and adventitia

Question 8

Why aren’t the cilia of the trachea stereocilia?

Answer 8

Stereocilia do not move, since these cilia function as the mucociliary escalator they are kinocilia

Question 9

How doest he epithelium of the bronchus differ from the trachea?

Answer 9

It doesn’t. Both are made of ciliated columnar cells, in a pseudostratified epithelium

Question 10

How do you stain for a small granule cell? What usually covers a small granule cell?

Answer 10

Usually they stain with silver salts. They are usually covered by processes from brush cells

Question 11

What is the major difference between a bronchus and bronchiolus?

Answer 11

A bronchus still has cartilage, a bronchiolus does not

Question 12

What kind of cell forms the pleurae?

Answer 12

Simple squamous, but the TISSUE is best characterized as a mesothelium not an epithelium

Question 13

What transition of the epithelium occurs as you progress into bronchioli?

Answer 13

What was initially a pseudostratified columnar epithelium is essentially becoming thinner–it is now simple columnar and more distally it is simple cuboidal.

Question 14

What cells release surfactant in bronchioles? Which release surfactant in alveoli?

Answer 14

Clara cells (dome shaped cells) in bronchioli, and Type II pneumocytes in alveoli

Question 15

Why does cystic fibrosis cause dehydration of the mucus?

Answer 15

The inability to pump Cl- out of the cell draws sodium in, with it comes water, this dehydrates the mucus.

Question 16

For some reason, you really want to visualize the interalveolar septum, what stain would you use? Why?

Answer 16

Resorcin fuchsin or orcein, because they are made of connective tissue and elastic fibers

Question 17

What are the connections between alveolar sacs called? Why are they important?

Answer 17

Pores of Kohn. They are important because if one sac is obstructed, it can be ventilated by the unobstructed ones.

Question 18

What is a cell that bulges into the aveolus? What does it store? What are the inclusions called?

Answer 18

A type II pneumocyte. It stores surfactant or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in lamellar bodies.

Question 19

In which condition will you see hepatization of the lung?

Answer 19

In pneumonia, the infiltration of of the alveoli with fluid makes it look like a liver

Question 20

What 3 structures are present in bronchi but not in bronchioles?

Answer 20

Goblet cells, glands, and hyaline cartilage