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RESPIRATORY EXAM 1 > MICROBIOLOGY VIRUSES > Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY VIRUSES Flashcards

When asked about features of a virus, that means what family? What type of genome? Enveloped or naked? etc

1
Q

What are features of Rhinovirus and what family of viruses does it belong to?

A

It is a naked, + RNA virus that is icosahedral and replicates at 33 C, it is a picornavirus

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2
Q

What are the features of coronavirus?

A

It is an enveloped +RNA virus, that grows at 33 C

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3
Q

What are the features of Coxsackie A virus? What family?

A

It is a naked and icosahedral picornavirus

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4
Q

What are the features of mumps virus, what family?

A

(-) RNA enveloped paramyxovirus

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5
Q

What are the features of influenza virus?

A

(-) RNA virus with segmented genome that is enveloped

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6
Q

What are the features of adenovirus?

A

Large icosahedral, naked DNA virus

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7
Q

What are the features of measles virus?

A

(-) RNA helical, enveloped paramyxovirus

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8
Q

What are the features of Hantavirus?

A

It is an enveloped (+) RNA bunyavirus with 3 segments

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9
Q

What are the features of SARS?

A

It is a (+) RNA coronavirus that is enveloped

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10
Q

What are 2 paramyxoviruses that affect the respiratory tract?

A

Mumps and Measles and both are RNA viruses

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11
Q

What are the two picornaviruses that affect the respiratory tract? What is the major difference in terms of replication?

A

Rhinovirus and Coxsackie virus–both are (+) stranded RNA viruses but rhinovirus only grows at 33 C

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12
Q

Why are fomites more important for rhinovirus transmission than coronavirus?

A

Rhinovirus is a naked virus (+) RNA picornavirus

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13
Q

If, hypothetically, rhinovirus could grow at 37 C would it cause pneumonia, why or why not?

A

YES it could. Because its receptor is the I-CAM receptor which is also present in the lung.

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14
Q

Which time of year is best for influenza virus? For rhinovirus?

A

Influenza is fall to spring and rhinovirus is spring to fall.

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15
Q

Why do Amish kids get epiglottitis more so than most kids?

A

Because the most common cause of epiglottitis is H. influenza B which we vaccinate against, but Amish don?t get vaccines

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16
Q

What is the etiology of the most common cause of pharyngitis?

A

Mostly from rhinovirus and that is from POST-NASAL DRIP from the rhinitis

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17
Q

What are the features of the virus that causes pharyngoconjunctival fever?

A

It is a large naked DNA virus that is icosahedral; adenovirus

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18
Q

What are the features of the virus that causes hand foot and mouth disease?

A

It is a (+) RNA picornavirus that is NAKED

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19
Q

Which strands of Coxsackie A cause hand foot and mouth (4)

A

5, 9, 10, and mainly 16

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20
Q

Which strands of Coxsackie A cause herpangina?

A

A2-A6

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21
Q

There are rapid tests for which 3 causes of pharyngitis?

A

Monospot, Rapid strep, and Rapid test for influenza virus

22
Q

The respiratory virus that can cause orchitis has what features?

A

It is a (-) RNA enveloped paramyxovirus

23
Q

What are 4 respiratory viruses that can cause syncytia?

A

RSV and the paramyxoviridae: parainfluenza, mumps virus, and measles virus

24
Q

If a person has a seal bark cough, what anatomical location is infected? By what virus?

A

Larynx/trachea caused by parainfluenza virus, a paramyxovirus

25
Q

What is the MOA of the DOC used to treat the #1 cause of bronchiolitis in children?

A

It is a guanosine analogue (RIBAVIRIN) and it is used to treat RSV

26
Q

What are the general features of influenza virus?

A

It is a negative RNA SEGMENTED and enveloped virus

27
Q

The inability of Influenza’s RNA polymerase to proofread is responsible for what kind of outbreaks?

A

Epidemics/endemics because this is genetic drifts–small changes in the H/N antigens

28
Q

Which strains of influenza cannot undergo antigenic shift? Why not?

A

Influenza B and C cannot do shift b/c they ONLY AFFECT HUMANS

29
Q

Which influenza drugs block the ability of the virus to enter cells? Which block it’s ability to exit?

A

Entrance = adamantanes block M protein; Exiting = neuraminidase inhibitors as N is used to cleave sialic acid on the way out

30
Q

If a strain of influenza can infect both ducks and humans what type is it?

A

Type A, can undergo antigenic shift

31
Q

How does adenovirus get into cells?

A

Penton fibers

32
Q

If a military recruit were vaccinated against adenovirus but got acute respiratory syndrome anyway, which serotype did he/she get?

A

3, serotypes 4 + 7 are in the vaccine

33
Q

How do you differentiate adenovirus from influenza?

A

Adenovirus is a DNA virus and Influenza is a (-) RNA virus

34
Q

What are the features of the virus that causes Koplick spots?

A

(-) RNA helical, enveloped paramyxovirus

35
Q

What causes a rash from the forehead down? A rash from behind the ears and down?

A

Forehead down is german measles, behind the ears and down is measles

36
Q

What is the major manifestation of Hantavirus?

A

A cardiopulmonary failure from massive pulmonary edema causing acute cor pulmonale

37
Q

How is hantavirus transmitted?

A

By inhaling mouse droppings

38
Q

Hx of travel to Saudi Arabia and now have pneumonia?

A

MERS– a special coronavirus

39
Q

What is the mechanism of pathogenesis of a virus in which Hx of travel to Hong Kong or Toronto is significant?

A

This is SARS and the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown

40
Q

Guillian Barre is a rare complication of what virus?

A

Influenza Virus (-) RNA enveloped, segmented virus

41
Q

What other two respiratory viruses belong to the family of viruses of the virus that can cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

SSPE is caused by measles virus, a paramyxovirus and the other 2 are MUMPS and PARAINFLUENZA

42
Q

Which virus displays a tissue tropism for pulmonary endothelial cells?

A

Hantavirus

43
Q

What pathogen is acquired by inhaling mouse droppings, mouse urine?

A

Mouse droppings = hantavirus; mouse urine = Leptospira interoggans

44
Q

It’s June, dude’s got rhinitis, what receptor did the virus bind to?

A

I-CAM 1, this is cold season and rhinovirus binds to this receptor

45
Q

It’s December, dude’s got a rhinitis and hacking cough, what receptor did the virus bind to?

A

Sialic acid, he’s got the flu and influenza binds to sialic acid

46
Q

A person with a steeple sign on CXR will have what clinical Sx?

A

SEAL BARK COUGH, parainfluenza laryngitis

47
Q

What is the DOC for a child who has severe respiratory Sx and whose parents have a cold?

A

Ribavirin, this is classic for RSV

48
Q

Adamantines are effective against which type of influenza?

A

Type A only

49
Q

Aside from Hantavirus what other 2 pathogens are notable for being localized to desert southwest?

A

Plague and Coccidiodes

50
Q

This is a picornavirus, (+) RNA and icosahedral that CAN replicate at 37 C

A

Coxsackie A virus

51
Q

This is a (+) RNA virus that is enveloped and replicates at 33 C

A

CORONAVIRUS –THE ENVELOPE

52
Q

This is a (+) RNA bunyavirus w/ 3 helical segments

A

Hantavirus

RESPIRATORY EXAM 1 (8 decks)

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