Respiratory first test Higgins (C)

Question 1

nasal cavity

Answer 1

humidify and warm inspired air

Question 2

epiglottis

Answer 2

covers trachea so food goes down oesophagus

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

helps to breathe and digest food

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

protects lower respiratory tract

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

carry air in and out of lungs

Question 6

bronchus

Answer 6

carry air to and from your lungs

Question 7

bronchioles

Answer 7

carry air into lungs

Question 8

diaphragm

Answer 8

helps you inhale and exhale

Question 9

thoracic cavity

Answer 9

houses organs and tissues in chest

Question 10

visceral pleural

Answer 10

allows optimal expansion and contraction during breathing

Question 11

pareital pleural

Answer 11

formation and removal of pleural fluid

Question 12

external intercostal muscles

Answer 12

elevate and contract ribs during inhalation

Question 13

internal intercostal muscles

Answer 13

pushes air out of lungs and involved in exhalation during exercise

Question 14

standard air pressure

Answer 14

101kpa

Question 15

mechanism of breathing in

Answer 15

diaphragm contracts/ flattens, external intercostal muscles contract and lift up and out, sternocleidomastoid pulls sternum up, increases volume of thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in lungs, creates larger pressure gradient, air is forced into lungs.
(all more than resting range).

Question 16

mechanism of breathing out

Answer 16

diaphragm relaxes/ dome shape, external intercostal muscles relax, decreases volume of thoracic cavity, increases pressure of air in lungs, creates larger pressure gradient, more air forced out of lungs.
(resting ranges)

Question 17

name 2 additional respiratory muscles

Answer 17

rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis

Question 18

partial pressure

Answer 18

pressure exerted by an individual gas in amongst a number of gases.

Question 19

external gas exchange

Answer 19

with outside air, takes place in alveoli, O2 binds with haemoglobin.

Question 20

internal gas exchange

Answer 20

takes place in muscle cells, O2 unbinds with haemoglobin and binds with muscle cells. CO2 binds with haemoglobin back to heart to be deoxygenated.

Question 21

external diffusion of O2

Answer 21

O2 been depleted through respiration so low partial pressure, partial pressure of O2 is high, creates pressure gradient from alveoli to blood, O2 dissolves into capilary, binds with haemoglobin.

Question 22

external diffusion of CO2

Answer 22

Co2 been created as waste product of respiration, high partial pressure in blood, low partial pressure in lungs, co2 molecules diffuse through capiliary, breathed out.

Question 23

internal diffusion of o2

Answer 23

O2 moves from blood to muscles, high partial pressure, pressure gradient between blood to muscles, high conc of o2 in blood diffuses into muscle cells where it binds with myoglobin.

Question 24

internal diffusion of co2

Answer 24

co2 moves from muscle to blood, low partial pressure, high conc of co2 in muscle cells diffuse into blood which gets transported back to lungs.

Question 25

tidal volume

Answer 25

volume of air that enters and leaves each breath. 0.5L

Question 26

vital capacity

Answer 26

volume that can be exhaled after max inspiration
=inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume.
4.5L

Question 27

residual volume

Answer 27

volume remaining after max expiration 1.5L.

Question 28

neural control

Answer 28

stimulates diaphragm, intercostal muscles and additional muscles.

Question 29

chemical control

Answer 29

co2 is waste product of respiration, carbonic acid formed, CpH decreases, acidity increases.

Question 30

respiratory centre

Answer 30

receives info about chemical balance processes that info sends signals to muscles to change rate + depth of breathing.

Question 31

chemoreceptors

Answer 31

detect changes in o2, co2, ph. located in blood vessels, central = medulla oblongata, peripheral = aortic body.