Respiratory first test Higgins (C) Flashcards
nasal cavity
humidify and warm inspired air
epiglottis
covers trachea so food goes down oesophagus
pharynx
helps to breathe and digest food
larynx
protects lower respiratory tract
trachea
carry air in and out of lungs
bronchus
carry air to and from your lungs
bronchioles
carry air into lungs
diaphragm
helps you inhale and exhale
thoracic cavity
houses organs and tissues in chest
visceral pleural
allows optimal expansion and contraction during breathing
pareital pleural
formation and removal of pleural fluid
external intercostal muscles
elevate and contract ribs during inhalation
internal intercostal muscles
pushes air out of lungs and involved in exhalation during exercise
standard air pressure
101kpa
mechanism of breathing in
diaphragm contracts/ flattens, external intercostal muscles contract and lift up and out, sternocleidomastoid pulls sternum up, increases volume of thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in lungs, creates larger pressure gradient, air is forced into lungs.
(all more than resting range).
mechanism of breathing out
diaphragm relaxes/ dome shape, external intercostal muscles relax, decreases volume of thoracic cavity, increases pressure of air in lungs, creates larger pressure gradient, more air forced out of lungs.
(resting ranges)
name 2 additional respiratory muscles
rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis
partial pressure
pressure exerted by an individual gas in amongst a number of gases.
external gas exchange
with outside air, takes place in alveoli, O2 binds with haemoglobin.
internal gas exchange
takes place in muscle cells, O2 unbinds with haemoglobin and binds with muscle cells. CO2 binds with haemoglobin back to heart to be deoxygenated.
external diffusion of O2
O2 been depleted through respiration so low partial pressure, partial pressure of O2 is high, creates pressure gradient from alveoli to blood, O2 dissolves into capilary, binds with haemoglobin.
external diffusion of CO2
Co2 been created as waste product of respiration, high partial pressure in blood, low partial pressure in lungs, co2 molecules diffuse through capiliary, breathed out.
internal diffusion of o2
O2 moves from blood to muscles, high partial pressure, pressure gradient between blood to muscles, high conc of o2 in blood diffuses into muscle cells where it binds with myoglobin.
internal diffusion of co2
co2 moves from muscle to blood, low partial pressure, high conc of co2 in muscle cells diffuse into blood which gets transported back to lungs.
tidal volume
volume of air that enters and leaves each breath. 0.5L
vital capacity
volume that can be exhaled after max inspiration
=inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume.
4.5L
residual volume
volume remaining after max expiration 1.5L.
neural control
stimulates diaphragm, intercostal muscles and additional muscles.
chemical control
co2 is waste product of respiration, carbonic acid formed, CpH decreases, acidity increases.
respiratory centre
receives info about chemical balance processes that info sends signals to muscles to change rate + depth of breathing.
chemoreceptors
detect changes in o2, co2, ph. located in blood vessels, central = medulla oblongata, peripheral = aortic body.