respiratory failure Flashcards
What is inspiration mainly due to?
diaphrgm
What is expiration mainly due to?
passive relaxation
What has to be overcome for inspiration?
elastic recoil
flow resistance
What has to be overcome for expiration?
flow resistance
Give two examples of airways obstruction
asthma
COPD
Give examples of airways restriction
obesity
respiratory muscle weakness
What are the causes of hypoxaemia
low FiO2
diffusion problems
V/Q mismatch
hypoventilation
Give examples of conditions where there is hypoventilation
muscle weakness drugs stroke obesity malnutrition
Which measure gives a good insight into ventilatory performance
pCO2
- ventilation not oxygenation is important
What is the only factor that affects pCO2
alveolar ventilation
Give 4 conditions that result from disturbance of central control
Cheyne Stokes respiration
Agonal breathing
hypoventilation
hyperventilation
Give 3 causes of an increased load
Metabolic CO2 production
Flow resistance of airways
Elastic recoil
Give 3 causes of a reduced capacity
Reduced central drive
Reduced Strength & endurance of respiratory muscles
Sleep
What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 failure?
Cyanosis Increased respiratory rate Accessory muscle use Tachycardia Hypotension/peripheral shutdown Signs of underlying disease Confusion
What is continuous positive airways pressure
POSITIVE PRESSURE APPLIED THROUGHOUT THE RESPIRATORY CYCLE TO A SPONTANEOUSLY BREATHING PATIENT
