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Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

occurs?

A

when gas exchange in inadequate - hypoxia

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2
Q

occurs?

A

when gas exchange in inadequate - hypoxia

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3
Q

PaO2

A
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4
Q

Type 1 resp failure

A

hypoxia with normal/low PaCO2

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5
Q

type 1 caused

A

ventilation/perfusion mismatch

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6
Q

examples

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. pulmonary oedema
  3. PE
  4. Asthma
  5. Emphysema
  6. Pulmonary fibrosis
  7. ARDS
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7
Q

type 2 resp failure

A

hypoxia >8kPa and hypercapnia >6kPa

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8
Q

type 2 caused

A

alveolar hypoventilation with/without V/Q mismatch

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9
Q

examples

A
  1. pulmonary- asthma, COPD, end-stage pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnoea
  2. decreased resp drive- sedative drugs, CNS tumour, trauma
  3. neuromuscular disease
  4. thoracic wall disease
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10
Q

Hypercapnia symptoms

A
  1. headache
  2. peripheral vasoldilation
  3. tachycardia
  4. bounding pulse
  5. tremor/flap
  6. confusion
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11
Q

Hypercapnia symptoms

A
  1. headache
  2. peripheral vasoldilation
  3. tachycardia
  4. bounding pulse
  5. tremor/flap
  6. confusion
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12
Q

PaO2

A
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13
Q

Type 1 resp failure

A

hypoxia with normal or low PaCO2

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14
Q

caused

A

ventilation/perfusion mismatch

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15
Q

examples

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. pulmonary oedema
  3. PE
  4. Asthma
  5. Emphysema
  6. Pulmonary fibrosis
  7. ARDS
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16
Q

type 2 resp failure

A

hypoxia >8kPa and hypercapnia >6kPa

17
Q

caused

A

alveolar hypoventilation with/without V/Q mismatch

18
Q

examples

A
  1. pulmonary- asthma, COPD, end-stage pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnoea
  2. decreased resp drive- sedative drugs, CNS tumour, trauma
  3. neuromuscular disease
  4. thoracic wall disease
19
Q

hypoxia symptoms

A
  1. dyspnoea
  2. restlessness
  3. agitation
  4. confusion
  5. central cyanosis
20
Q

Hypercapnia symptoms

A
  1. headache
  2. peripheral vasoldilation
  3. tachycardia
  4. bounding pulse
  5. tremor/flap
  6. confusion
21
Q

investigations

A
  1. Bloods: FBC, U&E, CRP, ABG
  2. CXR
  3. sputum culture
  4. spirometry
22
Q

management of type 1 resp failure

A
  1. treat underlying cause
  2. O2 (35-60%) facemask to treat hypoxia
  3. assisted ventilation if PaO2
23
Q

management of type 2 resp failure

A
  1. treat underlying cause
  2. O2 starts at 24%
  3. ABG after 20 mins, If PaCO2 decreased or steady then increase O2 28%
  4. assisted ventilation PaCO2 >1.5kPa
  5. intubation

Respiratory (own) (13 decks)

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