Bronchial carcinoma Flashcards
1
Q
General features of cancer
A
- malignant tumour
- uncontrolled replication
- local invasion
- metastases (lymphatic spread, blood stream, serous cavity)
2
Q
risk factors
A
- smoking
- asbestos
- radiation
3
Q
symptoms
A
- cough
- haemoptysis
- dyspnoea
- chest pain
- recurrent/ slowly resolving pneumonia
- lethargy
- weight loss
4
Q
signs
A
- cachexia
- anaemia
- clubbing
- supraclavicular nodes
5
Q
features of small cell
A
- rapidly progressive disease
- early metastases
- rarely suitable for surgery
- good initial response to chemo
6
Q
non-small cell
A
- includes squamous + adenocarcinomas
- surgery or radical radiotherapy
- less response to chemo
7
Q
Metastases places
A
- liver
- brain
- bone
- adrenal
- skin
8
Q
complications
A
Local:
- recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
- phrenic nerve palsy
- rib erosion
- pericarditis
9
Q
CXR
A
peripheral nodule, consolidation, lung collapse, pleural effusion
10
Q
CT and PET scan
A
stage tumour
11
Q
bronchoscopy
A
give histology and assess operability
12
Q
other tests
A
FBC, spirometry. endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
13
Q
Radiotherapy
A
small cell - used for bronchial obstruction, SVC obstruction, haemoptysis, bone pain and cerebral metastases
14
Q
endobronchial therapy
A
small cell - stent insertion for stridor, photodynamic therapy, laser
15
Q
pleural drainage
A
small cell - pleural effusions
