Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 1

caused by?

Answer 1

direct lung injury or occur secondary to severe systemic ilness

Question 2

what happens?

Answer 2

lung damage and release of inflammatory mediators cause increase capillary permeability and non-cariogenic pulmonary oedema

Question 3

pulmonary causes

Answer 3

1. pneumonia
2. gastric aspiration
3. inhalation
4. injury (trauma)

Question 4

pathogenesis

Answer 4

1. infiltration of inflammatory cells
2. cytokines
3. O2 free radicals
4. injury to cell membranes

Question 5

pathology

Answer 5

1. fibrinous exudation lining alveolar walls
2. cellular regeneration
3. inflammation

Question 6

outcome

Answer 6

1. resolution
2. death
3. fibrosis

Question 7

clinical features

Answer 7

1. cyanosis
2. tachycardia
3. tachypnoea
4. peripheral vasodilation
5. bilateral fine inspiratory crackles

Question 8

management

Answer 8

1. early ARDS- CPAP and O2

2. most need mechanical ventilation

Question 9

neonatal

Answer 9

1. premature infants
2. deficient in surfactant (type 2 alveolar lining cells)
   3 increased effort in expanding lungs- physical damage to cells