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Term 3 Stanbridge > Respiratory Exam 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ARDS

A

secondary cause. is a state of progressive oxygen deprivation following a serious illness or injury.
hypoxemic. will end up having hypoxia. ARDS patient is emergent.

know ABGs.

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2
Q

legionnaires

A

Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria.

contagious from air conditioning. bacteria.

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3
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

an embolus (clot) in the lungs

Prevent pulmonary embolism by encouraging clients to ambulate and to perform active exercises.

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4
Q

sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus.

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5
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles

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6
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa nd often the mucosa in the sinuses that can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial) or allergens.

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7
Q

atelectasis

A

deflated or collapsed alveoli

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8
Q

pneumonia

A

an inflammation of the lung with consolidation or solidification. The lung becomes firm as the air sacs are filled with exudates.

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9
Q

pulmonary tb

A

caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium. You can get TB by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person. contagious

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10
Q

emphysema

A

loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue. Causes destruction of the alveoli, leading to a decreased surface area for gas exchange, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis.

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11
Q

status asthmaticus

A

life threatening episode of airway obstruction that is often unresponsive to common treatment.

extreme wheezing, labored breathing, use of accessory muscles, and distended neck veins, and creates a risk for cardiac and or respiratory arrest.

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12
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

occurs when air enters the pleural space during inspiration through a one way valve and is not able to exit upon expiration

mediastinal shift

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13
Q

pulmonary edema

A

A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.

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14
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

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15
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

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16
Q

empyema

A

purulent (pus-containing) exudate in the pleural cavity.

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17
Q

what’s the BCG vaccine have to do with a positive PPD

A

clients who have received a BCG vaccine within the past 10 years can have a false positive mantoux test. These clients will need a chest X-ray to see if TB is an active infection.

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18
Q

what does inoculation mean

A

Getting yourself sick again.

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19
Q

respiratory acidosis risk factors are?

A

resp. depression from poisons, anesthetics, trauma, of euro diseases.

inadequate chest expnasion

airway obstruction

alveolar-capillary blockage secondary to pulmonary embolus

inadequate mechanical ventilation

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20
Q

describe purse lip breathing and why it’s used

A

The purpose of PLB is to create back-pressure inside airways to splint them open; moving air thus takes less work.

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21
Q

what group of people is the priority for the flu vaccine? why?

A

children first

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22
Q

what labs do we monitor if a pt is on TB meds and why

A

.

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23
Q

normal adult range for ABGs

A

pH 7.35 - 7.45 (acid - alka)
PaCO2 35 - 45 (alka - acid)
HCO3 22 -26 (acid - alka)

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24
Q

know the ROME mnemonic

A

Respiratory
Opposite

Metabolic
Equal

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25
Q

normal adults sa02 range

A

95% - 100%

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26
Q

what physical attributes during your assessment would lead you to believe your pt has COPD

A 
barrel-chest
clubbed fingers
JVD
muscles on the shoulders
skinny extremities
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27
Q

whats the difference between an embolus and a thrombus

A

thrombus stays. an embolus travels through the blood stream.

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28
Q

what does prophylactic mean

A

preventative measure

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29
Q

what test are AST and ALT

A

It is measured with a blood test and is sometimes useful in medical diagnosis to differentiate between causes of liver damage, or hepatotoxicity.

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30
Q

what is rebound congestion mean

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants

nasal sprays. everything but saline.

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31
Q

what does acute exacerbation mean

A

comes on suddenly. severe case of whatever is attacking at the moment.

32
Q

describe what type of its would be in each isolation:

contact
droplet
airborne
no isolation

A

contact: c-diff, mrsa,

droplet:

airborne: TB,

no isolation: standard precautions. hand washing

33
Q

s/s of bleeding after sinus surgery would be

A

swallowing

tonsils

34
Q

s/s of hypoxemia

A 
restlessness
anxiety
headache
disorientation
confusion
35
Q

who is at risk for thrombus

A

A being who is stagnant and not moving such as someone post op who is on bed rest until they get functions back.

36
Q

normal ranges for

WBC
RBC
H and H

A

WBC: 5000-10000
RBC: 4.2-5.6
H AND H:

12-16 AND 14-18
37-47 AND 42-52

37
Q

are COPD disorders reversible or permanent but manageable

A

permanent but manageable

38
Q

describe how you would teach a pt how to use their incentive spirometer

A

put the tube in their mouth, and suck in air as hard as they can to get the ball in the tube to go to the top

39
Q

complications of pneumonia

A

atelectasis
bacteremia (sepsis)
ARDS

40
Q

what do diminished breath sounds mean

A

Absent or decreased sounds can mean: Air or fluid in or around the lungs (such as pneumonia, heart failure, and pleural effusion) Increased thickness of the chest wall.

41
Q

do we give antibiotics or antivirals for the FLU

A

the flu is a viral infection

42
Q

why valium with vecuronium

A

both of these help those who can’t breath, relax. helps take the edge off.

patients wil ARDS

muscular. pregnancy class C

43
Q

what differences will you see in symptoms between bacterial versus viral pneumonia

A

do not give antibacterials for viral.

44
Q

definition of refractory hypoxemia in relation to ARDS

A

hypoxia that can’t be corrected by oxygen because of ARDS

45
Q

whats chest physiotherapy

A

treatments generally performed by physical therapists and respiratory therapists, whereby breathing is improved by the indirect removal of mucus from the breathing passages of a patient.

pulmonary toilleting. getting the crap out of the lungs

46
Q

why is a chest tube the treatment of choice for a patient that has a deviated trachea due to chest trauma and a collapsed lung

A

to prevent any further damage to the trachea

47
Q

why do we use bronchodilators sometimes before having an asthma attack? why?

A

helps to open the airways

48
Q

theophylline

A

Theo-24

Methylxanthines

RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLES OF THE BRONCHI. Require close monitoring of serum medication levels. (toxicity - tachycardia, nausea, and diarrhea)

theophylline levels. given for respiratory.

49
Q

albuterol

A

Short-acting beta2 agonists

Provides RAPID RELIEF

watch for tremors and tachycardia

50
Q

lasix

A

loop diuretic

51
Q

lanoxin

A

Digoxin. check bpm before administering.

to treat heart failure, a fib, a flutter, and tachycardia. lowers HB

52
Q

propranolol

A

Inderal. beta blocker

manage HTN

53
Q

singular

A

PO med for MAINTAINENCE.

54
Q

augmentin

A

Penicillin. antibiotic. treat bacterial infection.

55
Q

prednisone

A

Deltasone. Steroid

It can treat many diseases and conditions, especially those associated with inflammation.

56
Q

myambutal

A

Ethambutol.
Antibiotics
It can treat tuberculosis (TB).

57
Q

vecuronium

A

MUSCLE RELAXANT
neuromuscular blocking agents

facilitates ventilation and decreases o2 consumption

58
Q

bactrim

A

Sulfamethoxazole

antibacterial

59
Q

valium

A

diazepam.

anxiety relief. Anxiolytic and sedative
It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.

60
Q

rifampin

A

Antibiotics

It can treat tuberculosis (TB) when used along with other medications.

61
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

Cromolyn sodium is an anti-inflammatory medication. It works by preventing the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Cromolyn sodium inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks in people with bronchial asthma.

62
Q

carbenicillin

A

geocilin

Antibiotics
It can treat urinary infections caused by certain bacteria.

63
Q

echinacea

A

Vitamin/mineral that supports healthy immunity.

64
Q

mucinex

A

mucolytic agents

help thin secretions, making it easier fro the client to expel.

65
Q

beclomethasone

A

steroid

66
Q

diphenhydramine

A

antihistamine (benedryl, zyrtec)

67
Q

omalizumab

A

Xolair

leukotriene antagonists. mast cell stabilizers.

anti inflammatory agent. lowers airway inflammation

can cause anaphylaxis

68
Q

ipratropium

A

Atrovent

Cholinergic antagonists

block the parasympathetic nervous system which increases bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary recreations. Long acting and are used to prevent bronchospasms.

observe for dry mouth

69
Q

hyrdrocodone

A

also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine

70
Q

codeine antitussive

A

supresses the brain to stop coughing. Good for night time.

71
Q

guaifensesin

A

robutussin. Mucinex, helps thin secretions making it easier for the client to expel.

encourage lots of fluids

72
Q

salmeterol

A

severent

Bronchodilator
It can prevent asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm. It can also treat COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

73
Q

oxymetazoline

A

is used for: Relieving nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, other upper respiratory tract allergies, or sinus infection.

decongestant

74
Q

desloratidine

A

claritin

75
Q

methlyprednisolone

A

medrol

Steroid
It can treat inflammation, severe allergies, flares of chronic illnesses, and many other medical problems. It can also decrease some symptoms of cancer.

76
Q

epinephrine

A

Blood pressure support and vasoconstrictor

It can treat severe asthma attacks and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) in an emergency situation.

Term 3 Stanbridge (9 decks)

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