Respiratory Exam 2 Flashcards
ARDS
secondary cause. is a state of progressive oxygen deprivation following a serious illness or injury.
hypoxemic. will end up having hypoxia. ARDS patient is emergent.
know ABGs.
legionnaires
Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria.
contagious from air conditioning. bacteria.
pulmonary embolus
an embolus (clot) in the lungs
Prevent pulmonary embolism by encouraging clients to ambulate and to perform active exercises.
sinusitis
an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus.
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles
allergic rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucosa nd often the mucosa in the sinuses that can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial) or allergens.
atelectasis
deflated or collapsed alveoli
pneumonia
an inflammation of the lung with consolidation or solidification. The lung becomes firm as the air sacs are filled with exudates.
pulmonary tb
caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium. You can get TB by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person. contagious
emphysema
loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue. Causes destruction of the alveoli, leading to a decreased surface area for gas exchange, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis.
status asthmaticus
life threatening episode of airway obstruction that is often unresponsive to common treatment.
extreme wheezing, labored breathing, use of accessory muscles, and distended neck veins, and creates a risk for cardiac and or respiratory arrest.
tension pneumothorax
occurs when air enters the pleural space during inspiration through a one way valve and is not able to exit upon expiration
mediastinal shift
pulmonary edema
A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs.
hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural space
bronchoconstriction
the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
empyema
purulent (pus-containing) exudate in the pleural cavity.
what’s the BCG vaccine have to do with a positive PPD
clients who have received a BCG vaccine within the past 10 years can have a false positive mantoux test. These clients will need a chest X-ray to see if TB is an active infection.
what does inoculation mean
Getting yourself sick again.
respiratory acidosis risk factors are?
resp. depression from poisons, anesthetics, trauma, of euro diseases.
inadequate chest expnasion
airway obstruction
alveolar-capillary blockage secondary to pulmonary embolus
inadequate mechanical ventilation
describe purse lip breathing and why it’s used
The purpose of PLB is to create back-pressure inside airways to splint them open; moving air thus takes less work.
what group of people is the priority for the flu vaccine? why?
children first
what labs do we monitor if a pt is on TB meds and why
.
normal adult range for ABGs
pH 7.35 - 7.45 (acid - alka)
PaCO2 35 - 45 (alka - acid)
HCO3 22 -26 (acid - alka)
know the ROME mnemonic
Respiratory
Opposite
Metabolic
Equal
normal adults sa02 range
95% - 100%
what physical attributes during your assessment would lead you to believe your pt has COPD
barrel-chest clubbed fingers JVD muscles on the shoulders skinny extremities
whats the difference between an embolus and a thrombus
thrombus stays. an embolus travels through the blood stream.
what does prophylactic mean
preventative measure
what test are AST and ALT
It is measured with a blood test and is sometimes useful in medical diagnosis to differentiate between causes of liver damage, or hepatotoxicity.
what is rebound congestion mean
Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants
nasal sprays. everything but saline.
what does acute exacerbation mean
comes on suddenly. severe case of whatever is attacking at the moment.
describe what type of its would be in each isolation:
contact
droplet
airborne
no isolation
contact: c-diff, mrsa,
droplet:
airborne: TB,
no isolation: standard precautions. hand washing
s/s of bleeding after sinus surgery would be
swallowing
tonsils
s/s of hypoxemia
restlessness anxiety headache disorientation confusion
who is at risk for thrombus
A being who is stagnant and not moving such as someone post op who is on bed rest until they get functions back.
normal ranges for
WBC
RBC
H and H
WBC: 5000-10000
RBC: 4.2-5.6
H AND H:
12-16 AND 14-18
37-47 AND 42-52
are COPD disorders reversible or permanent but manageable
permanent but manageable
describe how you would teach a pt how to use their incentive spirometer
put the tube in their mouth, and suck in air as hard as they can to get the ball in the tube to go to the top
complications of pneumonia
atelectasis
bacteremia (sepsis)
ARDS
what do diminished breath sounds mean
Absent or decreased sounds can mean: Air or fluid in or around the lungs (such as pneumonia, heart failure, and pleural effusion) Increased thickness of the chest wall.
do we give antibiotics or antivirals for the FLU
the flu is a viral infection
why valium with vecuronium
both of these help those who can’t breath, relax. helps take the edge off.
patients wil ARDS
muscular. pregnancy class C
what differences will you see in symptoms between bacterial versus viral pneumonia
do not give antibacterials for viral.
definition of refractory hypoxemia in relation to ARDS
hypoxia that can’t be corrected by oxygen because of ARDS
whats chest physiotherapy
treatments generally performed by physical therapists and respiratory therapists, whereby breathing is improved by the indirect removal of mucus from the breathing passages of a patient.
pulmonary toilleting. getting the crap out of the lungs
why is a chest tube the treatment of choice for a patient that has a deviated trachea due to chest trauma and a collapsed lung
to prevent any further damage to the trachea
why do we use bronchodilators sometimes before having an asthma attack? why?
helps to open the airways
theophylline
Theo-24
Methylxanthines
RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLES OF THE BRONCHI. Require close monitoring of serum medication levels. (toxicity - tachycardia, nausea, and diarrhea)
theophylline levels. given for respiratory.
albuterol
Short-acting beta2 agonists
Provides RAPID RELIEF
watch for tremors and tachycardia
lasix
loop diuretic
lanoxin
Digoxin. check bpm before administering.
to treat heart failure, a fib, a flutter, and tachycardia. lowers HB
propranolol
Inderal. beta blocker
manage HTN
singular
PO med for MAINTAINENCE.
augmentin
Penicillin. antibiotic. treat bacterial infection.
prednisone
Deltasone. Steroid
It can treat many diseases and conditions, especially those associated with inflammation.
myambutal
Ethambutol.
Antibiotics
It can treat tuberculosis (TB).
vecuronium
MUSCLE RELAXANT
neuromuscular blocking agents
facilitates ventilation and decreases o2 consumption
bactrim
Sulfamethoxazole
antibacterial
valium
diazepam.
anxiety relief. Anxiolytic and sedative
It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.
rifampin
Antibiotics
It can treat tuberculosis (TB) when used along with other medications.
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn sodium is an anti-inflammatory medication. It works by preventing the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Cromolyn sodium inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks in people with bronchial asthma.
carbenicillin
geocilin
Antibiotics
It can treat urinary infections caused by certain bacteria.
echinacea
Vitamin/mineral that supports healthy immunity.
mucinex
mucolytic agents
help thin secretions, making it easier fro the client to expel.
beclomethasone
steroid
diphenhydramine
antihistamine (benedryl, zyrtec)
omalizumab
Xolair
leukotriene antagonists. mast cell stabilizers.
anti inflammatory agent. lowers airway inflammation
can cause anaphylaxis
ipratropium
Atrovent
Cholinergic antagonists
block the parasympathetic nervous system which increases bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary recreations. Long acting and are used to prevent bronchospasms.
observe for dry mouth
hyrdrocodone
also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine
codeine antitussive
supresses the brain to stop coughing. Good for night time.
guaifensesin
robutussin. Mucinex, helps thin secretions making it easier for the client to expel.
encourage lots of fluids
salmeterol
severent
Bronchodilator
It can prevent asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm. It can also treat COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
oxymetazoline
is used for: Relieving nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, other upper respiratory tract allergies, or sinus infection.
decongestant
desloratidine
claritin
methlyprednisolone
medrol
Steroid
It can treat inflammation, severe allergies, flares of chronic illnesses, and many other medical problems. It can also decrease some symptoms of cancer.
epinephrine
Blood pressure support and vasoconstrictor
It can treat severe asthma attacks and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) in an emergency situation.
