Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
how are respiratory drugs adminstered?
inhalation, oral and intravenous
what drugs improve airway patency and ventilation?
bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories
name 2 bronchodilators
B2 agonist, anticholinergic
name an anti-inflammatory
corticosteroid
what is used to prevent mast cell degranulation?
chromoglycate and leukotriene receptor antagonists
what drugs impair ventilation?
b-blockers, respiratory depressants
give an example of respiratory depressants
benzodiazepines, opioids
what drugs are used to improve gas exchange?
oxygen
what are the methods for inhaled drug delivery?
meter dose inhaler, breath activated device
what is a meter dose inhaler
a normal inhaler (puffer)
what are the breath activated devices?
spinhaler and turbohaler
how do spinhalers and turbohalers work?
activated of a portion of drug and then sucking air across the mouthpiece which picks up the drug and passes it to the airway
what is a nebuliser good for?
airway attacks
what are aids to drug delivery?
nebulizer and spacer
who are spacers good for?
people with an MDI
how do spacers make inhalers easier to use?
they allow medicine to be taken in without having to breathe and activate device at the same time
what are the 2 types of beta agonists?
short acting and long acting
what are the two types of short acting beta agonists and what inhaler colour are they?
salbutamol and terbutaline - blue
what is the long acting beta agonist and what inhaler colour is it?
salmeterol - green
when do short acting B agonists begin to work and how long does it last?
2-3mins and lasts 4-6hrs
what is the route of administration for short acting B agonsts?
inhaled, oral, intravenous
what are short acting B agonists used for?
to treat acute bronchial constriction
how long do long acting B agonists take to activate and how long does it last?
1-2hrs and lasts 12-15hrs
what is the route of administration for long acting B agonists?
inhaled
what are long acting B agonists used for?
prevention of acute bronchial constriction
what are long acting B agonists used with?
inhaled steroid
what do anticholinergics do?
inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves, have an additive effect in dilation with B agonists and effective in reducing mucous secretion
name the anticholinergic used and the colour of inhaler
ipratropium and is grey inhaler
what do corticosteroids do?
reduce inflammation in the bronchial walls
what are the types of corticosteroids and inhaler colour
beclomethasone (brown) budesonide (brown) fluticosone ( orange) mometasone (pink)
what is a compound preparations?
inhaled steroid with long acting B agonists
what are the 3 types of compound preparations?
seretide, fostair, symbicort
what other types of asthma drugs are used?
mast cell stabiliser, leukotriene inhibitors, biologic medicines, oxygen
