COPD

Question 1

what is COPD?

Answer 1

mixed airway reversible obstruction and destructive lung disease

Question 2

what are the components of COPD?

Answer 2

asthma and bronchiectasis & emphysema

Question 3

what is bronchiectasis

Answer 3

disease of airways where there is recurring damage to the airway caused by infection, changes to the airway wall so it is scarred, thickened and difficult to clear mucous

Question 4

what happens with bronchiectasis?

Answer 4

damage to the airway, dilation of the airway and increased mucous

Question 5

what is bronchiectasis characterised by?

Answer 5

productive cough through winter months producing green sputum

Question 6

what is emphysema?

Answer 6

destruction of alveoli and the dilation of others to fill space

Question 7

what are the symptoms of COPD?

Answer 7

chronic cough, mucous, fatigue, dyspnoea, chest discomfort, shortness of breath

Question 8

what causes COPD?

Answer 8

chronic asthma made worse by age and smoking

Question 9

what are the widespread complications of COPD?

Answer 9

higher risk of pneumonia, heart failure and acute respiratory distress

Question 10

what are patients classified to?

Answer 10

risk of exacerbations and death, severity of the symptoms

Question 11

what is the general management of COPD?

Answer 11

person specific usually non-drug based (smoking cessation)

Question 12

what drugs can be used in COPD and what for?

Answer 12

beta agonists for the reversibility of airways and corticosteroids for patients with inflammatory change

Question 13

what are the options for managing COPD?

Answer 13

smoking cessation, long acting bronchodilator, systemic steroids, oxygen support, pulmonary rehab

Question 14

what is type 1 respiratory failure?

Answer 14

alveolar effects (hypoxia)

Question 15

what is type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 15

poor ventilation (CO2 retention and hypoxia)

Question 16

what occurs in type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 16

reduced surface area for gas exchange, thickening of alveolar mucosal barrier, often hyperventilate to compensate

Question 17

what occurs with type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 17

airway narrowing and restrictive lung defects

Question 18

what is the result of type 1 respiratory failure?

Answer 18

hypoxaemia and thickening of alveolar barrier

Question 19

what is the result of type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 19

hypercapnia, ventilation failure

Question 20

summarise type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 20

poor alveolar ventilation, diffusion abnormality, ventilation perfusion mismatch

Question 21

summarise type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 21

only ACUTE respiratory failure, airway blockage or narrowing, accessory muscles needed, acute or chronic infections

Question 22

what should you do in the acute stage of respiratory failure?

Answer 22

used oxygen until medical help arises and watch respiratory rate and oxygen saturation

Question 23

what should you do in the chronic stage of respiratory failure

Answer 23

use oxygen with care - fixed percentage for delivery

Question 24

when is home oxygen therapy most effective?

Answer 24

if used 24hrs

Question 25

what are things to consider with airflow obstruction and dentistry

Answer 25

supply O2 for dental visits, home oxygen flammable if treatment done at home, candida risk of inhaled steroids so rinse mouth after used and use spacer, oral cancer risk for smokers and ex-smokers