Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Guaifenisin

Answer 1

C- Expectorants
MA- Mild irritant of bronchial glands- stimulates secretion of water along airways to dilute mucus and make it easier to dislodge
TE- Treat airway congestion associated with respiratory infection and allergies

Question 2

Menthol- containing medications

Answer 2

Expectorants
Mild irritant of bronchial glands- stimulates secretion of water along airways to dilute mucus and make it easier to dislodge
TE- Treat airway congestion associated with respiratory infection and allergies

Question 3

Acetylcysteine

Answer 3

C- Mucolytics
MA- Breaks down disulfide bonds within mucoproteins that are secreted by mucus cells of resp tract- reducing viscosity making it easier to dislodge airways (unfolds shape of protein)
TE- cystic fibrosis, reduce mucus accumulation

Question 4

Cromolyn (intal)

Answer 4

MA- Mast cell Stabilizer, reduces mast cell release of histamine in response to allergen exposure
TE- Prophylactic treatment of asthma and allergies

Question 5

Diphenhydramine

Answer 5

C- 1st gen Antihistamine
MA- H1 histamine receptor antagonist; reduces histamine-induced mucus secretion and congestion (passed BBB)
TE-treatment of acute allergic reactions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and conjunctivitis; drugs in this class also used to treat motion sickness
Drowsiness side effect

Question 6

Loratadine

Answer 6

C- 2nd gen Antihistamine
H1 histamine receptor antagonist; reduces histamine-induced mucus secretion and congestion (doesn't pass BBB)
TE- treatment of acute  allergic reactions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and conjunctivitis; drugs in this class also used to treat motion sickness

Question 7

Ipatropium

Answer 7

C- Anticholinergic
MA- Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
TE- reduces cholinergic receptor mediated bronchoconstriction associated with resp disorders like COPD

Question 8

Zileutron

Answer 8

C-Leukotriene system inhibitor
MA- Lipooxygenase inhibitor- blocks synthesis of LTC
TE- treat LTC mediated bronchoconstriction associated with asthma and allergic responses

Question 9

Zafirlukast

Answer 9

C-Leukotriene system inhibitor
MA- Selective leukotriene receptor antagonist- blocks LTC receptors
TE- treat LTC mediated bronchoconstriction associated with asthma and allergic responses

Question 10

Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs: prednisone, dexamethasone, cortisone

Answer 10

C- Glucocorticoids
MA- Cortisol receptor agonists- stimulate production of lipocortin which inhibits PLA2
TE- Asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, dermatologic allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosuppressant

Question 11

Codeine

Answer 11

C- Antitussives
MA- opioid receptor agonist in the cough center, suppresses activation by mucus accumulation along the airways
TE- suppresses cough associated with mucus accumulation

Question 12

Dextromethorphan

Answer 12

C- Antitussives
MA- Increases sensory threshold for airway obstruction that activates the cough center
TE- Suppresses cough associated with mucus accumulation

Question 13

Codeine side effects

Answer 13

Addictive, GI paralysis, and sedation

Question 14

Roflumilast

Answer 14

C- Bronchodilators
MA- cAMP-PDE inhibitor- inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes cAMP allowing for it to accumulate
TE- causes smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation

Question 15

Albuterol

Answer 15

C- Bronchodilators
MA- Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (short-acting)
TE- exercise-induced asthmatic symptoms

Question 16

Salmeterol

Answer 16

C- Bronchodilators
MA- Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (long-acting)
TE- in combination with glucocorticoids, treats asthma and COPD