Analgesics Flashcards
NSAIDS
MA- COX inhibitor- blocks production of prostaglandins which blocks nocioreceptor sensitization- reducing NT release, reducing the perception of pain
Also inhibits TXA (causes platelets to become sticky)
TE- mild analgesics and antithrombic
Acetaminophen
Not an NSAID
C- Non-opioid analgesics
MA- Weak COX inhibitor- blocks production of prostaglandins which blocks nocioreceptor sensitization- reducing NT release, reducing the perception of pain
TE- mild analgesics
non-narcotic analgesics toxicology
Overdoses of Acetaminophen can lead to liver failure, Aspirin can produce gastric irritation and spontaneous hemorrhaging
NSAIDs in GI tract toxicology
MA- inhibitory effect of prostaglandins on parietal cells- blocking COX reduces prostaglandin leading to a reduced inhibition of proton pump
Opioid Analgesics
MA- opioid receptor agonists- mimicking endorphins and enkephalins- suppressing pain impulse transmission through pain gates
TE- treatment of mild to severe pain and antitussive (codeine)
methadone- treat narcotic addiction (long acting narcotic agonist- reducing daily cycles of craving and withdrawal)
Suboxone
MA- partial opioid agonist (buprenorphone) and opioid antagonist (naloxone)
TE- BUP- highly lipid soluble analgesic provides abuse deterrence
Nal- insoluble, prevents injectable exploitation
Opioid Toxicology
Euphoria, suppression of respiratory CC, activates emesis center causing N/V, induces miosis through activation of the ocular motor nerve, constipation, can induce convulsions and muscle spasms,
Naloxegol
MA- mu opioid receptor antagonist- blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract (does not pass bbb)
TE- used to treat constipation in patients on long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain
Buphrenorphine (active ingredient in Suboxone)
MA- Partial opioid agonist- provides a halfway point between reward and withdrawal, long half life
TE- treats opioid addiction
Naltrexone (vivitrol)
MA- Opioid receptor antagonist via intranasal route
Vivitrol- extended relief delivers medication over 1 month
Lidocaine
C- Local Anesthetics
MA- Sodium channel blocker- inhibits formation of action potentials and this blocks nerve impulse conduction
TE- local anesthetic that produces its effects at the injection site of drug
Isoflurane
C- General Anesthetics
MA- activating GABA receptors- suppressing the entire CNS
TE- inhalation that has global CNS depressant effects- loss of consciousness, analgesic, amnesia, suppression of peripheral sensation, depression of thermal and respiratory control centers
Propofol
C- General Anesthetics
MA- stimulates the release of GABA and a Cannabinoid receptor agonist that depresses CNS activity
TE- IV, rapid onset with very short duration, used to sedate patients for mechanical ventilation, radiation therapy
Naloxone (Narcan)
C- Mu and Kappa Opioid antagonist
MA- opioid receptor antagonist, inhibits CNS depressant effects of opioids
TE- used to treat symptoms caused by opioid overdose
