Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 5 PMCP Exam 3 > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Common col is caused by

A

a number of difference viral agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of mucus membranes inside the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammatory mechanism with rhinitis

A

mast cell degranulation that releases histamine which causes VD
the VD leads to nasal congestion - an inc in mucus production and triggers sneeze or cough reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drugs for cold are used to address

A

the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drugs for a cold include

A

Mucokinetics
Antitussives
Decongestants
Antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mucokinetics for a cold - mechanism

A

They move mucus
Dec viscosity of mucus which inc cough productivity
Prevents mucus plugs and microbial colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of mucokinetics for a cold

A

Diluents
Mucolytics
Expectorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antitussives for a cold are what

A

cough suppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decongestants for a cold are what (2 types)

A

Sympathomimetics

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antihistamines for a cold are what

A

H1 receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drugs that address cold symptoms target what

A

The respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiratory epithelium is made of what two layers

A

Gel layer - high viscosity from goblet cells (mucus)

Sol layer - Low viscosity from submucosal glands (water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal ratio for gel to sol layer

A

Normally we have more sol than gel but with a cold we end up with more gel than sol - so the goal is to increase sol so that we can move the mucus better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secretion from goblet cell with ___ viscosity

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secretion from submucosal glands will ___ viscosity

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antimucokinetic drugs - what will they cause

A

nasal congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antimucokinetic drugs - what is their action

A

dec production of bronchial secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antimucokinetic drugs - what is the respiratory effect

A

thick viscous secretions
dry mouth
nasal stuffiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two examples of antimucokinetic drugs

A

Parasympatholytic drugs

Opioid drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antimucokinetic drug - parasympatholytic - examples and mechanism

A

muscarinic antagonsists

Atropine, scopolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Antimucokinetic drug - parasympatholytic - medicinal uses

A

motion sickness
organophosphate poisoning
antichemical warfare agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antimucokinetic drug - opioids - examples

A

morphine
codeine
papaverine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mucokinetic - Diluents action

A

liquefy bronchial secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mucokinetic - diluents example

A

saline solution - aerosol

Hypoviscosity or wetting agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mucokinetic diluents do what to the sol and gel layers

A

Increase the sol layer and dilute the gel layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Problems with mucokinetic diluents

A

in order for them to work you need to have a productive cough
Bronchospasms can occur
Mucosal swelling can occur
Need to stay hydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - action

A

break down the chemical structure of mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - agents (2)

A

Acetylcyteine

Deoxyribonuclease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - acetylcysteine - what does it do

A

Cleaves disulfide bonds
Breaks mucoprotein and H bonds
Creates more of a watery sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - acetylcysteine - problem

A

18% have anaphylaxis rxn
Bronchospasms
Short shelf life (96 hr)
Inactivates some antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - deoxyribonuclease - what does it do

A

Hyprolyzes DNA in mucus
Release DNA which adds to stickiness of mucus
Used for cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mucokinetic - mucolytics - deoxyribronuclease - problem

A

stability (is heat and light sensitive)

short shelf life

33
Q

Mucokinetic - expectorants - action

A

increase volume of bronchial secrections through gastropulmonary reflex

34
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - what do they do to the gel and sol layers

A

Inc sol layer through vagal stimulation

vagal stimulation will stimulation the serous glands to increase sol layer

35
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - agents (3)

A

SSKI
Ammonium chloride
Guaifenesis

36
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - SSKI

A

foul taste

extremely bitter

37
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - Ammonium chloride

A

found in children cough syrups

can cause metabolic acidosis

38
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - Guaifenesis

A

very effective for chronic bronchitis

most common - mucinex, robitussin

39
Q

Mucokinetic expectorants - side effects

A

excess vagal stimulation
GI issues
nausea, vomitting
Don’t make you vomit but stimulate the same pathway - gastropulmonary reflex

40
Q

Cough reflex - beneficial means of

A

removing respiratory secretions and foreign objects

41
Q

Cough reflex - can be nonproductive which can result in

A

sleep disturbance and epithelial damage

42
Q

Cough reflex - cough can be due to

A 
smoking
chronic bronchitis
pulm TB
asthma
ACE inhibitor
43
Q

Mucokinetics can dec cough by what

A

loosening/thinning the mucus (but this is not their main mechanism)
They dec cough by moving mucus and irritants along

44
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussives - do what and are used whn

A

cough suppression

used when cough is not productive

45
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussives - can act __ or __

A

centrally or perpherally

46
Q

mucokinetic - centrally acting antitussives - mechanism

A

cross the BB
Depress medullary cough centers by binding opioid receptors
Inc threshold of cough centers

47
Q

mucokinetic - peripherally acting antitussives - mechanism

A

interrupt the cough/tussal impulse

48
Q

Example of mucokinetic - centrally acting antitussives

A

morphine
codeine
dextromethorphan
diphenhydramine

49
Q

Example of mucokinetic - peripherally acting antitussive

A

lozenges

50
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussive - codeine compared to morphien

A

codeine is less potent than morphine as an analgesic and resp depressent

51
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussive - codeine - side effects

A 
sedation
mausea
constipation*
low but present abuse potential
resp depression at high doses
CONTRAINDICATED FOR ASTHMATICS
Can  be antimucokinetic
52
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussive - dextromethorphan compared to codeine

A

as effective as codeine without the side effects of codeine

53
Q

Mucokinetic - antitussive - dextromethorphan - side effects

A

dizziness
drowsiness
nausea

54
Q

If cough lasts more than ___ see physician

A

1 week

55
Q

Mucokinetic - decongestants - mechanism

A

reduce swelling in nasal passage

56
Q

Mucokinetic - decongestants - 2 types

A

Sympathomimetics

Corticosteroids

57
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - sympathomimetic - what do they do

A

constriction of vessels in mucus membranes which results in improved ventilation, inc drainage, and dec stuffiness

58
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - sympathomimetic - side effects

A

adrenergic stimulation - nervousness, insomnia, palpitations

VC, inc HR, inc contractility

59
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - sympathomimetic - cuation with

A

CAD, HPTN, glaucoma

60
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - sympathomimetic - administration

A

orally or topically

61
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - sympathomimetic - rebound effect

A

VC followed by VD

Could lead to worse congestion when you get off of it - associated with prolonged use

62
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - corticostreoid - what do they do

A

decrease inflammation/irritation to reduce congestion

63
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - corticosteroid - side effects

A

mucosal dryness
irritation
septal perforation

64
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - corticosteroid - examples

A

beclomethasone

asalide

65
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - oral vs. topical sympathomimetics - ORAL

A

prolonged effects but delayed onset
less potent
no rebound congestions

66
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - oral vs. topical sympathomimetics - ORAL examples

A

phenylephrine
pseudoephedrine
sudafed

67
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - oral vs. topical sympathomimetics - TOPICAL

A

prompt onset and potent

limit use 3-5 days because of rebound effect

68
Q

Mucokinetic decongestant - oral vs. topical sympathomimetics - TOPICAL examples

A

vicks

oxymetazolme

69
Q

Decongestants are often combined with

A

an expectorant like guaifenesin

70
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - what are they

A

H1 antagonists

71
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - indication

A

relieving allergic sx, cold sx, and motion sickness

72
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - block

A

inc capillary permeability
inc resp secretions
VD
bronchial smooth mm contraction

73
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - types

A

1st gen drugs

2nd gen drugs

74
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - 1st gen drugs - examples

A

diphenyhydramine (Bendadryl)

75
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - 1st gen drugs - what do they do

A

cross BBB - have low to moderate sedative effect and moderate to high anticholinergic effect
More effective against cold sx

76
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - 2nd gen drugs - example

A

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Loratidine (Claritin)

77
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamines - 2nd gen drugs - what do they do

A

NOT cross BBB
NOT cause drowsiness
Longer duration of action

78
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamine - for cold pick

A

1st gen drugs

79
Q

Mucokinetic antihistamine - for allergies and need to be productive throughout day pick

A

2nd gen drugs

Semester 5 PMCP Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions