Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 5 PMCP Exam 3 > Lung Tumors > Flashcards

Lung Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is lung cancer

A

tumors that originate from the epithelium of the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lung cancer is AKA

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many people are diagnosed - how many new cases per year

A

226, 160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many people are diagnosed - lung cancer is the most common fatal neoplasia in both sexes 50-65 yrs old - T or F

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many deaths in 2010 from lung cancer

A

157,300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

female vs. male lung cancer incidence throughout time

A

Used to have increase in females

2000-2008 see a dec in males and females stayed about the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Highest incidence in what sates

A

arkansas, delaware, indiana, kentucky, louisiane, maine, mississippi, missouri, oklahoma, rhode island, tennessee, west virginia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incidence rates by race - mos prevalent in

A

blacks have higher incidence primarily in males
female - blacks and whites are about the same
Hispanics have lower compared to overall population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes lung cancer

A 
Environmental disease (secondhand smoke, radon, hydrocarbons...)
Active smoking 90% of cases
Occupational exposure (asbestos)
Current studies indicate genetics make play role
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are some lung cancers worse than others?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WHO classification is based on

A

cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHO classification includes

A

Epidermoid (squamous) carcinoma (17%)
Small cell carcinoma including oat cell (25%)
Adenocarcinoma (40%) - they are glandular carcinomas and can produce substances
Large cell carcinoma (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other way of classifying lung tumors

A

Small cell lung cancer (20%)

Non small cell lung cancer (80%) - this includes squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - closely correlated to

A

cigarette smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - usually located where

A

centrally located near the hilus - projecting into the bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - tends to spread by

A

direct extension

LATE METASTASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - initial presentation

A

shortness of breath early on because the tumor is in some of the bronchi so air exchange is difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adenocarcinoma - located where

A

peripherally - smaller lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adenocarcinoma - smoking

A

Not associated with smoking

Most of the cancers in non-smokers are adenocarcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adenocarcinomas tend to invade

A

blood and lymph vessels leading to early metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adenocarcinomas - because the tissue is sometimes functional tissue there might be

A

different hormones produced by the tumor itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Large cell carcinoma - highly ___ and ___

A

highly undifferentiated and anaplastic
If you were looking at this cell it would not look like any parent cell - it would be hard to classify and say what type of cell it was

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Large cell carcinomma - tends to develop where

A

in the periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

large cell carcinoma - tend to grow

A

rapidly and spread early and extensively

25
Q

Large cell carcinoma - incidence

A

decreased in because there is improved detection

26
Q

Small cell carcinoma - usually located

A

centrally - some of the worst to have!

27
Q

Small cell carcinoma - cells often resemble

A

oat seeds - so AKA oat cell carcinoma

28
Q

Small cell carcinoma - prognosis

A

Fastest doubling time and worst prognosis of all bronchiogenic carcinomas

29
Q

Small cell carcinoma - metastasis

A

early metastasis to adjacent tissues as well as distal spread occurs easily
70% of patients have extensive spread before dx is made

30
Q

Small cell carcinoma - diagnosis

A

diagnosis is usually made because they have a metastasis that has produced some other physiological dysfunction

31
Q

Pancoast tumor located where

A

apex of the lungs and often spreads to the ribs and vertebrae

32
Q

Pancoast tumor - some of the first s/s are what

A

thoracic and scapular pain

33
Q

Pancoast tumor - makes up what percent of lung tumors

A

1-3%

34
Q

Pancoast tumor - are mostly what type

A

squamous or adenocarcinoma

NSCLC

35
Q

Pancoast tumor - s/s

A

brachial plexus - ulnar n distribution
TOS, cervical, thoracic/scapular pain
Horner’s syndrome

36
Q

Pancoast tumor - diagnosis

A

tends to be diagnosed late

37
Q

Pancoast tumor - PT referral

A

pt may present at first with shortness of breath or ulnar nerve distribution and get referred to PT but they may present later with some of the other s/s and then we would need to refer back to physician

38
Q

Horner syndrome - what type of dysfunction

A

sympathetic nerve disorder

39
Q

Horner syndrome - three neuron arc

A

first order neuron - descend from lat hypothalamus to brainstem and into cervical cord and then up thoracic one level and synapse and exit cord to travel to sympathetic chain as 2nd order neurons - then those go up the chain and synapse in post ganglion on sympathetic fibers to become third order neurons

40
Q

Horners syndrome - s/s

A

miosis (constricted pupil)
partial ptosis
loss of hemifacial sweating (anihidrosis)

41
Q

Metastatic lung cancers - how common

A

much more common than primary cancers

most common type of neoplasia we see in the lung

42
Q

most common primary cancers to metastasize to the lungs in descending order

A 
breast
GI
female genital tract
kidneys
melanomas
male genital tract
43
Q

s/s for diagnosis

A

often mimic other resp. disorders

can be contributory to the development of other resp disorders too

44
Q

Diagnosis can be made from

A 
cytology
sputum samples
bronchial brushings 
biopsy - bronchoscope, mediastinoscopy, transthoracic needle biopsy 
Radiology, CT scan, chest x-ray, MRI
45
Q

Treatment for non small cell lung cancer

A

surgery - stage 1, 2, and some 3
radiation
chemotherapy

46
Q

prognosis for non small cell lung cancer

A

30% if resectable

6% if not resectable - median survival of less than a year

47
Q

Prognosis over the years

A

has not improved with the exception of large cell tumors

48
Q

treatment for small cell lung cancer

A
  • treated primarily with chemo if not responsive with surgical resection
  • radiation might be used to limit cerebral metastasis and reduce pain
  • palliative to reduce cerebral metastasis and reduce pain
49
Q

Prognosis - small cell lung cancer

A

40-70 weeks with treatment

6-17 weeks without

50
Q

Overall imrpovements in survival?

A

10% for males

5% for females

51
Q

Overall prognosis - dependent on

A

cell type and stage

52
Q

Stage is indicated by

A

location - where we see the tumors

53
Q

Stage at diagnosis can be

A

localized
regional
distant
unknown

54
Q

Localized - 5 yr survival rate

A 
is high (52%)
if spreads to lymphnodes though (regional) dramatically drops to 25% and then if distant drops to 4%
55
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome

A

remote effects of neoplasm
occur in 20%
often appear before primary tumor has been diagnosed

56
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome very common for what types

A

small cell lung tumors

57
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

changes in blood flow, edema, facial edema, truncal edema, changes in skin quality, inc infection, cardiac arrhythmias

58
Q

primary s/s for paraneoplastic syndrome (cushings?)

A

LE weakness - usually what will take someone to a physician

59
Q

Cancer and POC

A 
1 scheduling in relation to tx they are getting
2 monitor platelet, Hct, Hb, WBC
3 pain meds 
4 nutrition
5 pulmonary issues
6 energy conservation!

Semester 5 PMCP Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions