Respiratory drugs Flashcards
What do you call an array of antimicrobial drugs that improve the clearance of material from the airways by stimulating cough and breaking up mucus?
Expectorants, mucolytics, decongestants
- For patients with large volumes of thick or tenacious mucous secretions
- Not well documented in vetmed
Which of the following is an antimicrobial mucolytic administered via nebulization, but is also an irritant to the airways?
- 0.9% NaCl
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Guaifenesin
- Phenylephrine
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
Which of the following is a therapeutic strategy used to hydrate the airways to improve clearance (antimicrobial)?
- 0.9% NaCl
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Guaifenesin
- Phenylephrine
- Nebulization of 0.9% NaCl with coupage
Which of the following has been used as an antimicrobial expectorant in equine?
- 0.9% NaCl
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Guaifenesin
- Phenylephrine
- Guaifenesin
Which of the following is used as an antimicrobial decongestant in horses to relieve nasal congestion?
- 0.9% NaCl
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Guaifenesin
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine (causes local vasoconstriction in upper airways)
Which group of antibiotics have a good concentration in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF, fluid lining the alveoli) and accumulate in phagocytes? (pick 3)
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Beta-lactams
- Tetracyclines
- Fluoroquinolones
- Macrolides, 4. Tetracyclines, 5. Fluoroquinolones
(also, some tulathromycin)
Which group of antibiotics may achieve effective concentrations in the interstitial space of lungs? (pick 2)
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Beta-lactams
- Tetracyclines
- Fluoroquinolones
- Aminoglycosides and 3. Beta-lactams
T or F. Pleural space is harder to reach and may require surgical intervention.
True (ex. chest tube placement for flushing for pyothorax), don’t let drugs do all the work!
T or F. Sensitivity testing is required for antifungals because efficacy is unpredictable.
False, sensitivity testing is rarely done; efficacy is generally predictable once the etiology is known
- Antifungal therapy may be needed for months
- Adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy may be considered at the beginning of treatment
What do use to treat blastomycosis?
Itraconazole
What do you use to treat coccidioidomycosis?
Fluconazole
Which antivirals are used to treat a viral infection?
Antivirals are not commonly used; treatment generally consists of supportive care and control of secondary bacterial infections
Which oral anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for respiratory conditions?
- Prednisone/prednisolone
- Fluticasone
- NSAIDS
- Leukotriene inhibitors
- NK1 antagonists (Cerenia)
- Prednisone/prednisolone (glucocorticoids)
* (3, 4, 5 not used much)*
Which topical/local anti-inflammatory drug is used in respiratory conditions, but has low bioavailability?
- Prednisone/prednisolone
- Fluticasone
- NSAIDS
- Leukotriene inhibitors
- NK1 antagonists (Cerenia)
- Fluticasone
* Human approved, has been assessed in some vet cases
* (3, 4, 5 not used much)*
Which drug is not used as an antitussive (cough suppressant)?
- Codeine and dextromethorphan
- Butorphanol
- Hydrocodone
- NSAIDs
- NSAIDs
Opioids are used to reduce the sensitivity of the cough-center to afferent stimuli (irritation, stretch, etc.) via opioid receptors
- Hydrocodone: may be formulated with homatropine as an abuse deterrent for humans; sometimes formulated with acetaminophen
- Butorphanol: high first-pass effect (lower oral bioavailability)
- Codeine and dextromethorphan more commonly used in humans
- Side effects: sedation, constipation, nausea