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Pharmacology 1 choefsho > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of diuretics are used in the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  • Digitalis (digoxin)
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: aminophylline, inamrinone, milrinone

AND

  1. Thiazide diuretics (only oral)
  • Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide
  • Cannot be filtered in renal failure patients
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2
Q

Which of the following are the weakest diuretics? TEST QUESTION

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Potassium-sparing diuretics (all oral)
  • Spironolactone (blocks aldosterone)
    • Metabolized by the liver
    • Slow onset, long duration
  • Triamterene (sodium channel blocker)
    • Metabolized by the liver, secreted in urine
  • Amiloride (sodium channel blocker)
    • Excreted by kidneys
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3
Q

Which type of diuretics are more commonly used to treat open angle glaucoma?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • Acetazolamide (oral)
    • Eliminated by the kidneys
  • Methazolamide (oral)
  • Dorzolamide and Brinzolamide (opthalmic) TEST QUESTION
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4
Q

Which type of diuretic is used to treat primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Potassium-sparing diuretics (Spironolactone)
    * Stimulates RAA
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5
Q

Which type of diuretic is used to treat acute pulmonary edema and pulmonary congestion?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  • Furosemide (Lasix)
    • Used to treat exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses
  • Bumetanide
  • Ethacrynic acid
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6
Q

Which type of diuretic is most effective?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
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7
Q

Which type of diuretic is used in the treatment of cerebral edema and glaucoma?

  1. Cardiovascular diuretics
  2. Osmotic diuretics
  3. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
  4. Thiazide diuretics
  5. Potassium-sparing diuretics
  6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A
  1. Osmotic diuretics
  • Mannitol (IV)
    • DO NOT USED IN GENERALIZED EDEMA (ex. pulmonary edema)
  • Urea (IV)
  • Glycerin (oral)
  • Isosorbide (oral)
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8
Q

MATCHING! Match the diuretic to its site of action.
A. Osmotic diuretics
B. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
C. Thiazide diuretics
D. Potassium-sparing diuretics
E. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

  1. Thick ascending loop of Henle (25% of tubular reabsorption)
  2. Early distal tubules (5% of tubular reabsorption)
  3. Late distal tubule and collecting ducts (
  4. Proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, collecting duct
  5. Descending loop of Henle and proximal tubule
A

A. Osmotic diuretics: 5. Descending loop of Henle (primary) and proximal tubule; reduces medullary tonicity

B. Loop/high ceiling diuretics: 1. Thick ascending loop of Henle (25% of tubular reabsorption); inhibits luminal Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter

C. Thiazide diuretics: 2. Early distal tubules (5% of tubular reabsorption); inhibits luminal Na+-Cl- symporter

D. Potassium-sparing diuretics: 3. Late distal tubules and collecting ducts (

E. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 4. Proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, collecting duct

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9
Q

MATCHING! Match the diuretic to its adverse effects.
A. Loop/high ceiling diuretics
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. Potassium-sparing diuretics
D. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

  1. Mild systemic acidosis, hypokalemia
  2. Systemic acidosis, hyperkalemia
  3. Systemic alkalosis, hypokalemia
A

A. Loop/high ceiling diuretics: 3. Systemic alkalosis, hypokalemia
B. Thiazide diuretics: 3. Systemic alkalosis, hypokalemia
C. Potassium-sparing diuretics: 2. Systemic acidosis, hyperkalemia
D. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 1. Mild systemic acidosis, hypokalemia

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Pharmacology 1 choefsho (13 decks)

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