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CPR II Exam 3 > Respiratory Distress in Children (Newman) > Flashcards

Respiratory Distress in Children (Newman) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiopulmonary arrest in children components

A

respiratory
cardiac
circulatory volume

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2
Q

why do kids have cardiac arrest?

A

its usually due to progressive respiratory failure and/or shock

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3
Q

common causes of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest

A 
respiratory failure
cardiac failure
endocrinopathy
trauma
infection
renal failure
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4
Q

is sudden, non traumatic cardiac arrest common in kids?

A

no

usually due to known risk such as operative CHD

or

unknown risk–Long QT, IHSS, cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

pediatric assessment triangle

A

appearance
breathing
circulation

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6
Q

appearance at the door assessment

A

abnormal tone

decrease interaction

decrease consolability

abnormal look/gaze

abnormal speech/cry

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7
Q

work of breathing, at the door assessment

A

abnormal sounds

abnormal position

retractions

flaring

apnea/gasping

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8
Q

circulation to skin, at the door assessment

A

pallor

mottling

cyanosis

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9
Q

restlessness, anxiety, and combativeness suggests

A

hypoxia

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10
Q

hoarse of muffled cry can be indicative of

A

partial airway obstruction

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11
Q

weak or no cry

A

is really bad

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12
Q

development of slower, irregular respiratory pattern in the setting of respiratory distress

A

is a very ominous sign and respiratory arrest can develop quickly

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13
Q

Stridor

A

high pitched crowing sound, mainly heard with inspiration

secondary to narrowing of the larynx (croup) or trachea

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14
Q

wheezing

A

squeaking noise made by air passing through narrowed tracheobronchial airways

obstruction via bronchoconstriction or inflammation

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15
Q

rales

A

moist sounds heard upon auscultation resulting from air passing through narrowed bronchi

due to airway inflammation or thick mucus

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16
Q

grunting

A

expiratory sound hear without stethoscope generated in an attempt to maintain airway patency

breathing out against partially closed glottis

desire for decreased chest wall excursion with pleural pain and intra-abdominal pain

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17
Q

pale, mottled, cool, or ashen skin are concerning why?

A

they may indicate hypoxemia and shock

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18
Q

cool environment effect on capillary refill

A

can prolong it

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19
Q

when a patient is compromised

A

we initially see tachycardia but then when compensation is exceeded we will see bradycardia

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20
Q

respiratory distress in kids results in

A

hypoxemia and hypercarbia

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21
Q

disability of ABCDE

A

conscious?

semi-conscious?

recognizing parents?

making eye contact?

22
Q

Exposure of ABCDE

A

hpothermia
hyperthermia
chemical agent
nasty things

23
Q

severe upper airway obstructions

A

no audible speech/cry/cough

due to

foreign body aspiration
angiodema from anaphylaxis
epiglottitis

24
Q

if partial upper airway obstruction you will hear

A

stridor on inspiration

due to

foreign body aspiration

infection(croup)

injury

25
Q

beck’s triad for tamponade

A

JVD
muffled cardiac sounds
hypotension

26
Q

pulmonary embolism in kids

A

uncommon

due to 
central lines
hyper coaguable state (factor V leiden) 
congenital heart disease
trauma
nephrotic syndrome
SLE
27
Q

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

A

more typically cause sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and local pain + swelling

hoarse voice is common (hot potato voice

ENT emergency

28
Q

croup

A

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

most common cause of infectious airway obstruction in kids 6-36 months

is not confined to kids

STRIDOR

29
Q

croup viral cause

A

parainfluenza

less often allergic (spasmodic croup)

30
Q

tracheitis most often

A

secondary bacterial infection to croup (kids are febrile, really sick)

31
Q

epiglottitis

A

H flu type B

vaccine has largely eliminated

kids would be very sick

would go to OR for exam and possible intubation

32
Q

bronchiolitis

A

RSV, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, others

children less than 2

URI symptoms with progressive cough and wheezing/atelectasis

33
Q

Pneumonia

A

bacterial-more localized (lobar)

in kids Strep Pneumo

viral and atypical tend to be diffuse interstitial/peribronchial on x-ray

but sometimes viral and atypical can be lobar

34
Q

atypical pneumonias

A

mycoplasma and chlamydia

diffuse interstitial/peribronchial
viral is also diffuse

35
Q

asthma is characterized by

A

wheeze with prolongued expiratory phase

36
Q

anaphylaxis

A

usually due to food or medication

retropharyngeal/laryngeal edema can be life threatening

bronchospasm in lower airway common

37
Q

anaphylaxis is often associated with

A

facial edema and urticaria

38
Q

how treat anaphylaxis

A

epi
O2
steroids

39
Q

assessment of anaphylaxis

A

airway
breath
circulation
consciousness

40
Q

foreign body in trachea

A

sudden dramatic coughing

stridor with drooling and choking

41
Q

lower foreign bodies

A

coughing choking when foreign body is first ingested

delayed symptoms:
recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough

42
Q

foreign bodies esophageal

A

drooling, swallowing problems

43
Q

in kids how what amount of foreign bodies are not witnessed

A

40%

44
Q

muscular dystrophy is a disease process of

A

chest wall

45
Q

acquired cardiovascular conditions that cause respiratory distress

A

arrythmia
myocarditis
inflammation of pericardium causing splinting with inspiration (grunting)

46
Q

GI tract issues leading to respiratory distress

A

GERD

intra-abdominal process with secondary inflammation or abdominal distention

47
Q

congenital or acquired CNS disease leading to respiratory distress

A

neuromuscular (initial compromise due to chronic hypoventilation)

infectious

trauma

medication effect

48
Q

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema leading to respiratory distress

A

chemical pneumonia

submersion/drowning

secondary to airway obstruction

medication toxicity

49
Q

systemic disease leading to respiratory distress

A

thyroid disease (hyper and hypo)

metabolic disease

50
Q

hematologic cause of respiratory distress

A

decreased O2 delivery secondary to anemia and abnormal hemoglobin

51
Q

‘acute on chronic conditions’ leading to respiratory distress

A

kids with chronic upper airway obstruction

asthma caused pneumothorax

CF with secondary pneumonia/bronchitis

sickle cell disease -> acute chest syndrome

neuromuscular disease -> aspiration

52
Q

acute chest syndrome

A

caused by sickle cell

sudden onset respiratory distress and chest pain

new infiltrate on CXR

fever

CPR II Exam 3 (13 decks)

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