Respiratory Disorders and Pregnancy

Question 1

• Common cold is severe due to estrogen stimulation
• Antibiotics are unnecessary because it is usually caused by virus

Answer 1

A Woman with Acute Nasopharyngitis

Question 2

Management:
- Extra rest and sleep
- Diet high in vitamin C
- Acetaminophen for aches and pains
- Do not take aspirin
- Use humidifier or apply vapor rub to chest
- Warm or cool compress to relieve sinus headaches

Answer 2

A Woman with Acute Nasopharyngitis

Question 3

• Influenza S/S: high fever, extreme prostration, aching pains in the back and extremities, sore raw throat
• Can cause preterm labor
• Tx: acetaminophen, oral antiviral (oseltamivir) is not safe but poses higher risk if not taken
• Flu vaccine is safe during pregnancy

Answer 3

A Woman with Influenza

Question 4

___________ is a viral or bacterial invasion of lung tissue by pathogens such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. pneumoniae

Answer 4

Pneumonia

Question 5

• Pneumonia is a viral or bacterial invasion of lung tissue by pathogens such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. pneumoniae
• In pregnancy, it is associated with fetal growth restriction and preterm birth
• During labor, O2 administration for fetal oxygenation esp. during contractions

Answer 5

A Woman with Pneumonia

Question 6

• Presence of reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperactivity, and airway inflammation
• Triggered by allergens (e.g. pollen, cigarette smoke)
• Three processes: constriction of bronchial smooth muscles, marked mucosal inflammation and swelling, production of thick bronchial secretions
  
  • High-pitched whistling sound (wheezes)

Answer 6

A Woman with Asthma

Question 7

• Tuberculosis is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide
• Caused by M. tuberculosis
• Macrophages and T lymphocytes surround the bacillus but doesn’t kill it
• Fibrosis, calcification and final ring of collagenous scar tissue develop, sealing off the organism
• Antibodies produced cause a positive Mantoux test (PPD) test

Answer 7

A Woman with Tuberculosis

Question 8

• COPD is constriction of airway associated most often with long-term cigarette smoking
• Associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction

Answer 8

A Woman with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 9

• A recessively inherited disease where there is generalized dysfunction of the exocrine glands
• Secretions particularly in the pancreas and lungs becomes viscid that functions become compromised
• They have difficulty digesting fats and protein because pancreas cannot release amylase

Answer 9

A Woman with Cystic Fibrosis

Question 10

• Juvenile RA (JRA) – chronic RA; marked by joint inflammation and contractures
  
  • Likely a result of autoimmune response
  • Synovial membrane destruction, inflammation with effusion,
  • swelling, erythema, painful motion of joints
  • Untreated – formation of granulation tissue fills the joint
  • space – permanent disfigurement and loss of joint motion

Answer 10

A Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 11

• Joint symptoms may improve during pregnancy because of naturally increased circulating level of corticosteroids in the maternal bloodstream during pregnancy
• In BF, those taking ibuprofen may BF, but those taking methotrexate or large doses of aspirin may be advised not to breastfeed

Answer 11

A Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 12

• SLE – a multisystem chronic disease of connective tissue that occurs most frequently in women, 20-40 years old
• Degeneration of connective tissue (esp. of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, spleen, skin, and retroperitoneal tissue)

Answer 12

A Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)