Endocrine Disorders and Pregnancy

Question 1

___________ enlarges during pregnancy due to increases vascularity and blood flow

Answer 1

Thyroid gland

Question 2

• Thyroid gland enlarges during pregnancy due to increases vascularity and blood flow
• Congenital anomalies may be present at birth

Answer 2

A Woman with Thyroid Disfunction

Question 3

• Underproduction of thyroid hormones
• Rare; women with this d/o are often anovulatory
• If pregnancy occurs, it may be hardly maintained as she can have difficulty of increasing thyroid hormones – may lead to miscarriage

Answer 3

Hypothyroidism

Question 4

• pancreas cannot produce adequate insulin to regulate blood glucose
• Normal glucose level: 80 – 120 mg/dl

Answer 4

A Woman with Diabetes Mellitus

Question 5

• No insulin – no glucose for cells

Answer 5

Pathophysiology

Question 6

• Liver converts glycogen to glucose – ___________

Answer 6

hyperglycemia

Question 7

• Kidneys begin to excrete glucose in urine – _____________

Answer 7

glycosuria

Question 8

• Large amount of fluid excreted (urine) – ___________

Answer 8

polyuria

Question 9

• Dehydration occurs – blood serum becomes concentrated, total blood volume decreases
• ↓ blood flow - ↓ oxygenation – anerobic metabolic reactions – lactic acid pour into blood stream
• Fat converted to glucose – ketones pour into bloodstream
• Proteins converted into glucose – cells die – production of sodium and potassium – severe metabolic acidosis – kidney, heart and retinal dysfunction

Answer 9

A Woman with Diabetes Mellitus

Question 10

__________: inadequate insulin production

Answer 10

Type I DM

Question 11

____________: gradual loss of insulin production

Answer 11

Type II DM

Question 12

___________ – large baby due to (increased) insulin (produced by fetus) which acts as growth stimulant

Answer 12

Macrosomia