Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
Inflammation and infection of the lung parenchyma is called
PNEUMONIA
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
onset less than 2 days after hospital admission
Community acquired pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
onset more than 2 days after hospital admission
Hospital acquired (nosocomial infection)
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
patient hospitalized in acute care hospital, long term facility, dialysis unit for 2 months
Health care acquired
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
occur 2 days after endotracheal intubation
Ventilator associated pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
abnormal entry of gastric secretion in lower airways
Aspiration pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
altered immune response, HIV, corticosteroid, CA
Opportunistic pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
bacteria, virus, mycoplasma, fungal, protozoa
Bacterial pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
death of portion of lung tissue
Necrotizing pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
within lung tissue surrounds air space
Interstitial reticular pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
terminal bronchus and alveoli
Bronchopneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
affects one or more lobes (upper, middle, lower - either of the 3)
Segmental pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
one or more entire lobes of the lungs
Lobar pneumonia
WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA
affects 2 lobes of both lungs
Bilateral pneumonia
RISK FACTORS OF PNEUMONIA
● Elderly
● HIV/Cancer
● Food aspirate
● URTI, Infection
● Smoking
● Immobility
● Unconscious
PATHOLOGIC PROCESS OF PNEUMONIA
- Infectious microorganism (bacterial, viral, fungal)
- Inflammation in interstitial space, lung tissues, alveoli
- WBC, leukocytes, RBC, fibrin migrate in infected area
- Cause capillary leak, edema, exudate
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA
● High fever
● Cough
● Sputum (rust, purulent)
● Chest pain
● Crackles
● Fremitus
Cardinal sign OF PNEUMONIA
high grade fever and chills
Clinical manifestations OF PNEUMONIA
○ Productive cough
○ SOB
○ Dsypnea
○ Sweating
○ Malaise
GOLD STANDARD DIAGNOSTICS OF PNEUMONIA
■ Patchy infiltrates
■ Dense white area of consolidated lungs
Chest x-ray
Definitive diagnosis OF PNEUMONIA
Sputum w/ culture & sensitivity
NURSING THERAPEUTICS OF PNEUMONIA
○ PREVENTION Vaccines (WHAT ARE THE 2?)
Pneumococcal, influenza
OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS OF PNEUMONIA
● O2 - Oxygen therapy
● ET/MV
○ If px is unconscious and has respiratory failure
○ Maintain mechanical ventilator
● Suction
● Turning every 2 hours
○ For mobilization of secretions
● Relaxation techniques
○ Deep breathing exercises
○ Cough w/ splint
○ Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage
○ Fowler’s
○ Spirometry
○ Adequate nutrition and hydration (increase to 3L/day)
● Avoid smoking
● Promote hygiene
● Avoid person w/ susceptible infections/crowds
OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS FOR PNEUMONIA
MEDICATIONS Antibiotics (F, P, M)
Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin)
Penicillin group
Macrolide antibiotics
OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS FOR PNEUMONIA
2nd MEDICATION
Paracetamol
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch & airflow-blood mismatch
This disease alters air movement, oxygen intake, gas exchange and lung blood flow
Respiratory failure
This disease is caused by pre existing medical conditions affecting the lungs and chance of respiratory failure is high
Reapiratory failure
Most common risk factor of respiratory failure
Left side heart failure
