Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Inflammation and infection of the lung parenchyma is called

Answer 1

PNEUMONIA

Question 2

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

onset less than 2 days after hospital admission

Answer 2

Community acquired pneumonia

Question 3

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

onset more than 2 days after hospital admission

Answer 3

Hospital acquired (nosocomial infection)

Question 4

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

patient hospitalized in acute care hospital, long term facility, dialysis unit for 2 months

Answer 4

Health care acquired

Question 5

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

occur 2 days after endotracheal intubation

Answer 5

Ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 6

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

abnormal entry of gastric secretion in lower airways

Answer 6

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 7

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

altered immune response, HIV, corticosteroid, CA

Answer 7

Opportunistic pneumonia

Question 8

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

bacteria, virus, mycoplasma, fungal, protozoa

Answer 8

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 9

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

death of portion of lung tissue

Answer 9

Necrotizing pneumonia

Question 10

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

within lung tissue surrounds air space

Answer 10

Interstitial reticular pneumonia

Question 11

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

terminal bronchus and alveoli

Answer 11

Bronchopneumonia

Question 12

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

affects one or more lobes (upper, middle, lower - either of the 3)

Answer 12

Segmental pneumonia

Question 13

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

one or more entire lobes of the lungs

Answer 13

Lobar pneumonia

Question 14

WHAT TYPE OF PNEUMONIA

affects 2 lobes of both lungs

Answer 14

Bilateral pneumonia

Question 15

RISK FACTORS OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 15

● Elderly
● HIV/Cancer
● Food aspirate
● URTI, Infection
● Smoking
● Immobility
● Unconscious

Question 16

PATHOLOGIC PROCESS OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 16

1. Infectious microorganism (bacterial, viral, fungal)
2. Inflammation in interstitial space, lung tissues, alveoli
3. WBC, leukocytes, RBC, fibrin migrate in infected area
4. Cause capillary leak, edema, exudate

Question 17

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 17

● High fever
● Cough
● Sputum (rust, purulent)
● Chest pain
● Crackles
● Fremitus

Question 18

Cardinal sign OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 18

high grade fever and chills

Question 19

Clinical manifestations OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 19

○ Productive cough
○ SOB
○ Dsypnea
○ Sweating
○ Malaise

Question 20

GOLD STANDARD DIAGNOSTICS OF PNEUMONIA

■ Patchy infiltrates
■ Dense white area of consolidated lungs

Answer 20

Chest x-ray

Question 21

Definitive diagnosis OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 21

Sputum w/ culture & sensitivity

Question 22

NURSING THERAPEUTICS OF PNEUMONIA

○ PREVENTION Vaccines (WHAT ARE THE 2?)

Answer 22

Pneumococcal, influenza

Question 23

OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS OF PNEUMONIA

Answer 23

● O2 - Oxygen therapy
● ET/MV
○ If px is unconscious and has respiratory failure
○ Maintain mechanical ventilator
● Suction
● Turning every 2 hours
○ For mobilization of secretions
● Relaxation techniques
○ Deep breathing exercises
○ Cough w/ splint
○ Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage
○ Fowler’s
○ Spirometry
○ Adequate nutrition and hydration (increase to 3L/day)
● Avoid smoking
● Promote hygiene
● Avoid person w/ susceptible infections/crowds

Question 24

OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS FOR PNEUMONIA

MEDICATIONS Antibiotics (F, P, M)

Answer 24

Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin)
Penicillin group
Macrolide antibiotics

Question 25

OTHER NURSING THERAPEUTICS FOR PNEUMONIA

2nd MEDICATION

Answer 25

Paracetamol

Question 26

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch & airflow-blood mismatch

This disease alters air movement, oxygen intake, gas exchange and lung blood flow

Answer 26

Respiratory failure

Question 27

This disease is caused by pre existing medical conditions affecting the lungs and chance of respiratory failure is high

Answer 27

Reapiratory failure

Question 28

Most common risk factor of respiratory failure

Answer 28

Left side heart failure