Respiratory Diseases/ syndromes Flashcards
SCID - stands for severe combined immunodeficiency. What is the typical history for SCID and how are T and B cell counts affected?
Failure to thrive
Spur infections
Diarrhoea
Family history of early infant death
Low T cell count, Raised B cell count
Retrosternal Goitre is a condition in which there is an enlarged thyroid which extends in to the chest. List some signs and symptoms of this condition.
Stridor Weight Loss Palpitations Tachycardia Upper chest dullness
Eaton Lambert Syndrome is a paraneoplastic change which involves reduced autonomic activity. What are two other characteristics of the condition?
Hyporeflexia
Proximal Limb Weakness
Chest pain, Shortness of breath, oral ulcers and thrombocytopenia
Increased ds-DNA and Increased ANA antibodies;
are symptoms/signs associated with what condition?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
Horner’s Syndrome involves interruption in the sympathetic chain affecting innervation of the face, list three signs of this condition.
ptosis (eyelid dropping)
mitosis (pupil constriction)
anyhydrosis (can’t sweat)
Pain and altered shape at the ends of long bones is associated with which paraneoplastic change?
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy
Infections from a young age which resolve with treatment and are not associated with any other problems is typical of what disease?
Transient Hypogammaglobulinaemia of Infancy
RhD - ve mother Rh D +ve second child - type 2 hypersensitivity - treated by blood filtering What is the condition called?
Haemolytic disease of the newborn
What is Grave’s Disease?
An autoimmune type 2 hypersensitivity condition in which there is excessive production of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism)
Multiple chest infections Widened airways Failure to thrive Struggle to gain weight Intolerant to many foods - this is a typical history of what condition?
Cystic fibrosis
Pancoast tumour
Symptoms of cancer
Apical
Hoarse Voice (due to compression of the laryngeal nerve)
Horner’s syndtome
Signs/ symptoms of Goodpasture’s syndrome
Cough Haemoptysis Ankle swelling Kidney dammage \+ve test for P-ANCA
Barking cough Sore throat Stridor Febrile Tachycardic and tachypnoeic Cervical lymphadenopathy Drooling WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS
Acute Epiglottitis
What two disease processes does caplan’s syndrome involve?
Rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis
Kostmann syndrome involves a v.low neutrophil count. What does this cause?
Recurrent infections within a few weeks post-birth
What is DiGeorge syndrome?
A developmental defect of the 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch. There is no thymus and thus there are no mature T cells (No CD4 or CD8)
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and which is another common cause which was discovered in 2001?
Respiratory syncytial virus
Metapneumovirus (2001)
Which type of influenza causes pandemics?
Influenza A
Where in the lung can pancoast tumours be found?
The apices
Before prescribing medications, what should always be the first-line management for a patient with COPD?
Smoking cessation advice
How would a pulmonary embolism be managed in terms of medications?
Anticoagulation with a LMWH followed by warfarin for a minimum of 3 months
What are the signs indicative of severe asthma?
HR > 110 bpm
RR >25/min
PEFR - 33-50%
Unable to complete full sentences
What are the signs indicative of life-threatening asthma?
HR<40bpm RR >30/min PEFR <33% Silent Chest Cysanosis Confusion
What disease might involve a saddle-nose deformity and haemoptysis?
GPA/ Wegner’s
What is the best screening test for cystic fibrosis?
Faecal elastase
What is the best test for diagnosis of legionella pneumophilia?
Urine Antigen Test
What pulmonary function test results would COPD be likely to show?
Reduced FEV1, Reduced FVC, Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio, Reduced PEFR
What pulmonary function test results would asthma likely show?
Reduced FEV1, Normal FVC, Reduced FEV1/FVC, Reduced PEFR
What pulmonary function test results would restrictive diseases, such as fibrosing alveolitis likely show?
Reduced FEV1 and FVC, Normal FEV1/FVC and normal PEFR
List diseases which would cause upper zone fibrosis in the lungs
TB Sarcoidosis Silicosis Coal worker's pneumoconiosis Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Histiocytosis
List diseases which would cause lower zone fibrosis in the lungs
Asbestosis
SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cryptogenic fibrosis alveolitis
What should COPD patients who suffer from frequent exacerbations be given a home supply of?
Prednisolone and an antibiotic
In a patient with a PMH of COPD, what is a rounded opacity on CXR likely to indicated?
Aspergilloma
Epiglottitis is usually caused by what?
H.influenza type B
What is the treatment for latent TB?
6 months isoniazid and 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid
What shows egg shell calcification on an x-ray?
Silicosis
What shows honeycombing on an x-ray?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
What shows holly leaf sign on an x-ray?
Asbestosis
What causes increased ACE levels and increased calcium levels?
Sarcoidosis
