Respiratory diseases Flashcards
what is the role of the respiratory system?
gas exchange- mostly o2/co2
what are the 3 main disturbances of the respiratory system?
-reduced o2 transfer
-reduced ventilation
-reduced perfusion
what is pneumonia?
inflammation of lungs due to infection
what are the main symptoms of pneumonia?
-breathlessness
-sputum production
-haemoptysis (coughing up blood)
-cough
-pleuritic chest pain
-fever/malaise
-sweats
how is pneumonia approached?
ABCDE approach
-check CRB 65
c-confusion
r-respiratory rate >20
b-blood pressure <90/60
>65 years old
antibiotics/fluid/high flow 02
what is pneumothorax?
puncture in lung lining- air escapes into plural space
what is tension pneumothorax?
medical emergency- collapsed lung-cardiac arrest-may require draining of pleuritic space to reflate lung
what are the symptoms of pneumothorax?
-chest pain
-breathlessness
what causes cystic fibrosis?
multisystem autosomal genetic disease
-faulty Cl channel
-impaired salt and water flow across membranes
what does cystic fibrosis cause?
viscous mucus in lungs- thick and sticky
what is a pulmonary embolism?
clot in pulmonary artery of lung
what is DVT?
deep vein thrombosis- clot forms in deep vein normally in the leg
what are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism/dvt?
-cough
-chest pain
-breathlessness
-haemoptysis
what treatment is used for pulmonary embolism/dvt and how is it dentally relevant?
anticoagulants- warfarin/rivaroxaban
-check INR 2.5-3.5 before invasive procedure
-increased chance of excessive bleeding
what are the main dental aspects of those with respiratory diseases?
-cant lie flat
-may be taking anticoagulants
-lower respiratory reserve so sedation is a risk
-CF patient may need specialist care
