Respiratory Development

Question 1

Cartilage from which area is derived from neural crest mesenchyme?

Answer 1

larynx

Question 2

Laryngeotracheal grooves develops where

Answer 2

ventral wall of primitive pharynx

Question 3

Location of laryngotracheal groove

Answer 3

caudal to 4th pharyngeal pouch

between paryngeal arch 4 and 6

Question 4

Laryngotracheal groove becomes

Answer 4

laryngotracheal diverticulum

Question 5

Epithelium lining the respiratory tract derived from

Answer 5

endoderm of primitive pharynx

Question 6

Produces CT, cartilage (except in larynx!), and sm muscle for respiratory tract

Answer 6

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 7

Tracheoesophageal folds fuse to create

Answer 7

trachoesophageal septum

Question 8

Failure of tracheoesophageal folds to fuse results in

Answer 8

tracheoesophageal fistulas

Question 9

Laryngeal cartilages

derivation

Answer 9

neural crest mesenchyme

4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

Question 10

Laryngeal muscles

derivation

Answer 10

myoblasts of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

sk muscle

Question 11

Innervation of larynx

Answer 11

superior laryngeal n.:

sensory above vocal cords

recurrent laryngeal n.:

motor to vocal cords

sensory below vocal cords

Question 12

Trachea formed from

Answer 12

laryngotracheal tube

distal to larynx

Question 13

Possible complication/presenting Sx of featus with tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 13

polyhydraminos

featus cannot swallow amniotic fluid

cannot make it back to mother’s circulation

Question 14

Immediate complication of tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 14

regurgitation of milk

aspiration of milk

pneumonia

Question 15

1˚ bronchial buds grow into

Answer 15

pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 16

Lung hypoplasia

common etiology

Answer 16

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 17

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

most common location

Answer 17

left

(liver is in the way on the right)

at vertebrocostotriagle

Question 18

Blood vessels around bronchi develop in which tissue

Answer 18

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 19

Two types of pneumocytes/alveolar cells

Answer 19

type I:

line alveolus, close association w/ capillaries. difussion occurs across these

type II:

secrete surfactant

Question 20

Fetal Breathing Movments

Answer 20

• essential for normal lung development
• facilitates development of respiratory muscles

Question 21

Where does fluid in lungs go during birth?

Answer 21

50% absorbed in lymph vessels or capillaries

the rest either coughed up, some swallowed

Question 22

Hyaline membrane disease/respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 22

not enough surfactant to adequately reduce surface tension

Question 23

Sx of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 23

proteinaceous exudate

Question 24

Prevention of infant respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane disease

Answer 24

glucocorticoids given to mother

Question 25

MOA

β-methasone

infant respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 25

given to mother before birth

stimulates type II pneumocytes in fetus

better surfactant production

Question 26

Lung autopsy findings

live birth

stillbirth

Answer 26

live birth:

float in water–full of air

stillbirth:

sink in water–full of fluid