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Micro HSB > Respiratory (Dev & Histo) > Flashcards

Respiratory (Dev & Histo) Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of the laryngotracheal diverticulum in the ventral wall of the primitive foregut and the tracheoesophageal septum happens in what week of the development?
a. 5th week
b. 4th week
c. 6th week

A

b. 4th week

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2
Q

Pharyngeal grooves is derived from
a. Ectoderm
b. Mesoderm
c. Endoderm

A

a. Ectoderm

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3
Q

Tracheoesophageal septum forms from the ___
a. Bronchial bud
b. Tracheoesophageal ridges
c. Laryngotracheal diverticulum

A

b. Tracheoesophageal ridges

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4
Q

Differentiation of type I and type II pneumocytes occur during what period of lung development?
a. Alveolar sac
b. Terminal sac
c. Canalicular
d. Pseudoglandula

A

b. Terminal sac

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5
Q

Which of the following is true about Club cells?
a. These cells secrete surfactant.
b. They can be found in the lining of all respiratory tracts.
c. All of the choices
d. They have the ability to divide.

A

d. They have the ability to divide.

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6
Q

What is the embryologic origin of the tracheoesophageal fistula?
a. Improper division of the foregut by the tracheoesophageal septum
b. Improper development of the esophagus
c. Improper development of the laryngotracheal diverticulum
d. Improper development of the trachea

A

a. Improper division of the foregut by the tracheoesophageal septum

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7
Q

Actual gas exchange occurs in all of the following areas EXCEPT:
a. Respiratory bronchioles
b. Alveolar ducts
c. Terminal bronchioles
d. Alveoli

A

c. Terminal bronchioles

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8
Q

Which of the following features is used to identify a bronchus?
a. Elastic fibers
b. Cartilages
c. Seromucous glands
d. Mucosal folds

A

b. Cartilages

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9
Q

Which part of the following is lined with pseudostratifed columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells?
a. Bronchiole
b. Bronchus
c. Superior conchae
d. Oropharynx

A

b. Bronchus

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10
Q

The muscles of phonation are derivatives from what pharyngeal arches?
a. Arch 3
b. Arch 4 & 6
c. Arch 2
d. Arch 1

A

b. Arch 4 & 6

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11
Q

Lower respiratory tract includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Lungs
b. Trachea
c. Pharynx
d. Larynx

A

c. Pharynx

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12
Q

An 18 year old mother gave birth prematurely. Upon assessing the infant, he was noted to have dicculty of breathing and appears to be blue and gasping. Infant respiratory distress syndrome is the working diagnosis. This is caused by incomplete differentiation of what cell?
a. Type II pneumocytes
b. Bronchiolar exocrine cells
c. Type I pneumocytes
d. Alveolar macrophages

A

a. Type II pneumocytes

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13
Q

Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage with posterior smooth muscle are characteristic features of which organ?
a. Trachea
b. Larynx
c. Nasal cavity
d. Pharynx

A

a. Trachea

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14
Q

Formation of the primary bronchus from the developing lung bud starts at what week of development?
a. 4th
b. 3rd
c. 5th
d. 6th

A

c. 5th

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the Bowman glands found in the lamina propria of the olfactory epithelium?
a. They produce mucus to trap dust particles.
b. They produce hormones for olfactory neuron replacement.
c. They secrete enzymes to break down odor molecules.
d. They produce fluid that surrounds the olfactory cilia to allow access for new odor molecules.

A

d. They produce euid that surrounds the olfactory cilia to allow access for new odor molecules.

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16
Q

The alveolar period of lung development begins during the late fetal period. The numbers of alveoli increase after birth until _____ years of age.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 8
d. 2

A

c. 8

17
Q

Which of the following structures in the larynx is covered by strati[ed squamous non keratinized epithelium to protect against abrasion and desiccation from rapid air movement?
a. Laryngeal vestibule
b. True vocal cord
c. False vocal cord
d. Vestibular folds

A

b. True vocal cord

18
Q

At what month will the pneumocyte type II cells appear and secrete surfactant?
a.8
b.2
c.4
d.6

A

d.6

19
Q

During what month will there be gas exchange between the blood and air in the primitive alveoli?
a. 8th
b. 7th
c. 5th
d. 4th

A

b. 7th

20
Q

If severe and chronic because of amniotic fluid leakage – lung development is retarded and severe pulmonary hypoplasia results.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

21
Q

Collapsed alveoli contain a fluid with a high protein content & hyaline membrane
a. Hyaline membrane disease
b. Respiratory distress

A

a. Hyaline membrane disease

22
Q

Laryngeal connective tissue and cartilages are derived from ___?
a. Endoderm
b. Ectoderm
c. Neural crest cells

A

c. Neural crest cells

23
Q

[Pharyngeal apparatus]
Pharyngeal arches are derived from ___?
a. Endoderm
b. Ectoderm
c. Mesoderm

A

c. Mesoderm

24
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates 4th and 6th pouch?
a. CN X
b. CN VII
c. CN V

A

a. CN X

25
Q

Which is most common in nonsmokers (2nd hand smoking)?
a. squamous cell carcinoma
b. adenocarcinoma
c. small cell carcinoma

A

b. adenocarcinoma

26
Q

Which of the following has a SSNKE lining epithelium?
a. Nasopharynx
b. Oropharynx
c. Laryngopharynx
d. Both B and C

A

d. Both B and C

27
Q

Which of the following in the respiratory epithelium act as part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system?
a. Small granule cells (Kulchitsky cells)
b. Ciliated columnar cells
c. Goblet cells
d. Brush cells

A

a. Small granule cells (Kulchitsky cells)

28
Q

The caudal portion of the respiratory diverticulum will become ___
a. Bronchi
b. Pharynx
c. Trachea
d. Larynx

A

a. Bronchi

Micro HSB (8 decks)

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