Respiratory Chapter 21 Flashcards
1) Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? A) nose B) pharynx C) trachea D) larynx
C) trachea
2) What is part of the respiratory zone? A) nose B) nasal cavity C) trachea D) alveoli
D) alveoli
3) The respiratory system does NOT function in: A) acid-base homeostasis. B) odor detection. C) speech production. D) blood cell production.
D) blood cell production.
4) The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is: A) gas transport.
B) tissue gas exchange.
C) pulmonary gas exchange.
D) pulmonary ventilation.
D) pulmonary ventilation.
5) Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the: A) upper respiratory tract. B) respiratory zone. C) conducting zone. D) larynx.
B) respiratory zone.
6) Through what openings of the nose does inhaled air enter the upper respiratory tract? A) nasal cavity B) anterior nares C) posterior nares D) nasopharynx
B) anterior nares
7) What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth?
A) The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.
B) The nose provides a more direct route over which air will travel.
C) The nose provides a site for initial gas exchange.
D) The nose is a less turbulent environment than the mouth.
A) The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.
8) What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity? A) nasal conchae and meatuses B) vestibule C) posterior nares D) septal cartilage
A) nasal conchae and meatuses
9) Which bone lacks a paranasal sinus? A) frontal B) zygomatic C) maxillary D) ethmoid
B) zygomatic
10) The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with:
A) transitional epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) simple cuboidal epithelium.
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
11) What is the function of the goblet cells? A) produce speech B) detect odors C) secrete mucus D) maintain acid-base balance
C) secrete mucus
2) In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior?
A) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
D) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
13) The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to:
A) simple squamous epithelium.
B) simple columnar epithelium.
C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D) transitional epithelium.
B) simple columnar epithelium.
14) What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering the larynx during swallowing? A) corniculate cartilage B) epiglottis C) thyroid cartilage D) arytenoid cartilage
B) epiglottis
15) Upon removal of the larynx, a person would no longer be able to: A) sneeze.
B) swallow.
C) cough.
D) produce sounds.
D) produce sounds.
16) The mucosa of the carina contains sensory receptors that trigger: A) coughing. B) hiccups. C) yawning. D) sneezing.
A) coughing.
17) Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped?
A) The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing.
B) The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing.
C) The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open).
D) The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open).
D) The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open).
18) Which organ's position causes the left lung to be shaped differently from the right lung? A) esophagus B) heart C) liver D) stomach
B) heart
19) What sweeps foreign debris from the lower respiratory passages? A) gap junctions B) cilia C) microvilli D) flagella
B) cilia
20) Which of the following correctly describes the histological transition from bronchi into smaller branches in the bronchial tree?
A) The lining changes from respiratory epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium.
B) More hyaline cartilage is found in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree.
C) The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. D) The rings of cartilage completely disappear during the transition from the trachea into the bronchial tree.
C) The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller
21) Air entering the respiratory system travels from the respiratory bronchioles to the: A) terminal bronchioles. B) tertiary bronchi. C) alveolar ducts. D) alveolar sacs.
C) alveolar ducts.
22) Gas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT: A) alveolar sacs. B) respiratory bronchioles. C) terminal bronchioles. D) alveolar ducts.
C) terminal bronchioles.
23) What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant? A) alveolar macrophages B) type II alveolar cells C) dust cells D) type I alveolar cells
B) type II alveolar cells
24) What cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli? A) type I alveolar cells B) goblet cells C) type II alveolar cells D) alveolar macrophages
D) alveolar macrophages
25) What does NOT contribute to the formation of the respiratory membrane?
A) type II alveolar cells
B) capillary endothelial cells
C) basal lamina of the type I alveolar cells
D) type I alveolar cells
A) type II alveolar cells
26) Which epithelium forms the alveoli? A) simple columnar epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) stratified squamous epithelium D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
27) The triangular depression in the medial surface of each lung, where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter, is the: A) apex. B) base. C) hilum. D) lobule.
C) hilum.
28) Each secondary bronchus supplies air to a: A) lobule of the lung. B) bronchopulmonary segment. C) lobe of the lung. D) hilum.
C) lobe of the lung.
29) Each lung is situated within a subcavity of the thoracic cavity known as the: A) peritoneal cavity. B) pericardial cavity. C) abdominopelvic cavity. D) pleural cavity.
D) pleural cavity.
30) What reduces friction around the lungs as they expand and contract? A) mucus
B) pleural fluid
C) surfactant
D) synovial fluid
B) pleural fluid
31) What does Boyle’s law state about pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a constant pressure?
A) Pressure increases when volume decreases.
B) Pressure and volume will both increase together or both decrease together.
C) Pressure and volume will both increase as temperature and pressure increase.
D) Pressure and volume will both decrease as temperature and pressure decrease.
A) Pressure increases when volume decreases.
32) What part of the following description is INCORRECT? Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to increased volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs. The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure causing air to move into the lungs.
A) Increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure.
B) The contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to a decrease in volume, not an increase in volume.
C) Increased volume and decreased pressure cause air to leave the lungs, rather than enter the lungs.
D) The relaxation, not contraction, of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to inhalation.
A) Increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure.
33) What happens to the lungs if intrapleural pressure equals or increases above atmospheric pressure? A) overinflation B) collapse C) burst D) inhalation
B) collapse
34) Predict what happens to air movement when atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, intrapulmonary pressure is 758 mm Hg, and intrapleural pressure is 754 mm Hg. A) no air movement B) inhalation C) exhalation D) atelectasis
B) inhalation
35) Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is: A) less than atmospheric pressure. B) greater than atmospheric pressure. C) equal to atmospheric pressure. D) less than intrapleural pressure.
B) greater than atmospheric pressure.
36) Which of the following is a factor on which expiration depends? A) recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs B) decrease in intrapulmonary pressure C) contraction of expiratory muscles D) increase in lung volume
A) recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs
37) What primarily determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways?
A) elasticity of the lung tissues
B) diameter of the conducting zone passageways
C) presence of surfactant
D) degree of alveolar surface tension
B) diameter of the conducting zone passageways
38) Which of the following reduces alveolar surface tension? A) gas B) water C) surfactant D) mucus
C) surfactant
39) Bronchodilation may occur in response to: A) increased mucus.
B) the parasympathetic nervous system.
C) inflammation.
D) the sympathetic nervous system
D) the sympathetic nervous system
40) Mr. Schmitzer has pulmonary fibrosis in which the elastic tissue of his lungs is replaced with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. His condition primarily affects: A) airway resistance. B) alveolar surface tension. C) pulmonary compliance. D) surfactant production.
C) pulmonary compliance.
41) Vital capacity =
A) expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume + residual volume
C) tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
D) inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume
C) tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
42) What statement best describes tidal volume?
A) Tidal volume is the air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration. B) Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing.
C) Tidal volume is the air exhaled after normal inspiration.
D) Tidal volume is the air forcibly expelled after normal expiration.
B) Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing.
43) The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the: A) residual volume.
B) dead space volume.
C) vital capacity.
D) functional residual capacity.
A) residual volume.
44) The amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal tidal expiration is known as the: A) tidal volume. B) inspiratory reserve volume. C) expiratory reserve volume. D) vital capacity.
C) expiratory reserve volume.
45) Which law states that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure? A) Dalton's law B) Charles' law C) Boyle's law D) Henry's law
A) Dalton’s law
46) Carbon dioxide has a relatively high solubility in blood plasma although it has a very low partial pressure. What law describes this phenomenon? A) Dalton's law B) Boyle's law C) Henry's law D) Charles' law
C) Henry’s law
47) Which of the following determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A) gas solubility in water B) partial pressure gradient C) temperature D) molecular weight of the gas molecule
B) partial pressure gradient
48) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood of pulmonary capillaries is approximately: A) 35 mm Hg. B) 45 mm Hg. C) 50 mm Hg. D) 70 mm Hg.
B) 45 mm Hg.
49) The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a pulmonary capillary is about 40 mm Hg. Determine the partial pressure that will promote movement of oxygen into the pulmonary capillary from air in the alveolus. A) 18 mm Hg B) 35 mm Hg C) 40 mm Hg D) 104 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
