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Pharmacology Spring 2021 > Respiratory: B2RAs > Flashcards

Respiratory: B2RAs Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: Beta2-Receptor Agonists:

Basic Understanding:

Abbreviation for Beta2-Receptor Agonists

A

B2RAs

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2
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

Are Bronchodilators widely used?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

What population uses B2RAs?

A

All ages

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4
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

What are B2RAs used to treat?

A

Reversible bronchoconstriction caused by:

1. Asthma
2. Reactive airway disease
RAD
3. COPD

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5
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

Are many types of B2RAs available?

If so, what types are there?

A

Yes

  1. Many forms
  2. Many delivery systems
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6
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the categories of B2RAs needed to know for the Quiz?

What are the categories we need to know exist but do not need to memorize for the quiz?

A
  1. Most commonly prescribed

2. Other sympathomimetic B2RA medications

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7
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators:B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the Most commonly prescribed drug in this class?

INN/Generic Name?

Brand/Trade Names?

A

INN/Generic Name:

  1. Albuterol or salbutamol

Brand/Trade Names:

  1. ProAir
  2. Ventolin
  3. Proventil
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8
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the other sympathomimetic B2RAs medication categories?

A
  1. Short Acting

2. Long Acting

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9
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

DO NOT NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ

What are examples of Short Acting B2RAs?

A
  1. metaproterenol (Alupent)
  2. terbutaline (Brethine, Brethaire)
  3. bitolterol (Tornalate)
  4. pirbuterol (Maxair)
  5. levalbuterol (Xopenex)
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10
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

DO NOT NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ

What are examples of Long Acting B2RAs?

A
  1. arformoterol (Brovana)
  2. formoterol (Foradil)
  3. indacaterol (Arcapta)
  4. salmeterol (Serevent).
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11
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What type of tissue do B2RAs act on?

A

Muscle

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12
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics

What type of muscle do B2RAs act on?

A

Smooth muscle

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13
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What type of smooth muscles does Albuterol act on to achieve target effect?

A

Bronchial tree smooth muscle

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14
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Where are the smooth

What do B2RAs stimulate the smooth muscles in the bronchial tree to do?

A

Reverse bronchospasm

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15
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Reversal of bronchospasm of B2RAs is achieved by decreasing __1___ / __2___ and increasing __3___/__4___.

A
  1. Airway resistance
  2. Residual volume
  3. Vital capacity
  4. Airflow
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16
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Physiology/Dynamics of B2RAs

A
  1. Stimulate beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs which
  2. Activates adenyl cyclase (enzyme that converts ATP) which
  3. Increases production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
    (cAMP)
  4. Increased cAMP
    - relaxes muscles
    - inhibits release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells (esp. mast cells)
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17
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What would the perfect B2RA do?

A

Work only on the beta 2 receptors in the lungs

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18
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Are B2RAs perfect?

Why or why not?

A

No

All of the currently available B2RA preparations
have some effects on other body systems

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19
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Is Albuterol selective or non selective?

A

Selective

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20
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What does Albuterol effect in order to categorize it as a selective B2RA?

A
  1. Beta2 agonist

2. Some minor beta1 activity

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21
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Other than beta 2 receptors found on the smooth muscle in the lungs, what other type of smooth muscle beta 2 receptors are stimulated when using Albuterol?

A

CNS and..

Smooth Muscle:

  1. Vascular
  2. Skeletal
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22
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Which beta 2 receptors on vascular smooth muscle are stimulated when using Albuterol?

A

Cardiac beta2 receptors

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23
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Stimulation of the cardiac beta2 receptors causes what to happen when using Albuterol?

A
  1. Vasodilation

2. Decrease in diastolic blood pressure

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24
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What does vasodilation and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure caused by the stimulation of cardiac beta2 receptors when using Albuterol cause to occur?

A

Reflex increased HR

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25
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What must be achieved when using Albuterol to cause Reflex increased HR?

A

High serum levels of Albuterol

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26
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Why are high serum levels of Albuterol needed to cause increased HR?

A
  1. Albuterol has a low affinity for cardiac beta2 receptors

2. Fewer beta2 receptors than beta1 receptors in the heart

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27
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

When beta 2 receptors on skeletal smooth muscle are stimulated by Albuterol what occurs?

A

Tremors

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28
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Compared to other agonists does Albuterol have less or more effects on the cardiac system and the CNS?

A

Fewer effects

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29
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What line of therapy is Albuterol considered (first, second, etc…)?

A

First line

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30
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What contributes to Albuterol being considered first line therapy?

A

Fewer cardiac and CNS effects

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31
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

How is Albuterol most commonly administered?

A

Inhaled

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32
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

Other than inhaled Albuterol, in which other way can Albuterol be administered?

A

Orally

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33
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

Where is inhaled Albuterol absorbed?

A

In the bronchi

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34
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

Where is oral Albuterol absorbed?

A
  1. In the GI tract where is reaches the
  2. Bloodstream which
  3. Widely distributes it
    in body fluids and tissues
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35
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

Which variation of albuterol is formulated to be absorbed more slowly?

A

Extended-release oral albuterol

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36
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution:

Does Albuterol excrete into breast milk?

A

It is unknown

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37
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

Where is Albuterol metabolized?

A

Hepatic/Liver

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38
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How is Albuterol Excreted?

A
  1. Renal/Urine

2. Fecal

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39
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

What is Albuterol metabolized into?

A

Albuterol 49-O-sulfate

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40
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

What effect does albuterol 49-O-sulfate have?

A
  1. Little or no beta adrenergic–stimulating effect

2. No beta adrenergic–blocking effect

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41
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How much inhaled Albuterol is excreted in urine within 24 hours of inhalation?

A

Approximately 72%

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42
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

In what forms is inhaled Albuterol excreted in urine within 24 hours of inhalation?

A
  1. 28% unchanged drug

2. 44% metabolite

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43
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How much inhaled Albuterol is excreted in feces within 24 hours of inhalation?

A

Approximately 10%

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44
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How much oral Albuterol is excreted in urine within 24 hours of taking it?

A

The majority

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45
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How much oral Albuterol is excreted in urine within 3 days of taking it?

A

65%-90%

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46
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion:

How much oral Albuterol is excreted in feces?

A

About 4%

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47
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Do B2RAs have many contraindications to use?

A

Relatively few

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48
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

What are the contraindications of use with B2RAs?

A

Patients with cardiac arrhythmias associated with tachycardia or heart block caused by:

  1. Digitalis intoxication
  2. Angina
  3. Narrow-angle glaucoma
  4. Organic brain damage (epinephrine only)
  5. Shock during general anesthesia with halogenated agents
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49
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Who should be monitored closely when administering B2RAs?

A

Patients with:

  1. HTN
  2. CAD
  3. Coronary insufficiency
  4. CHF
  5. Hx of stroke
  6. Hx of arrhythmias
  7. Taking digoxin
50
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

When should patients taking digoxin and Albuterol be monitored closely?

A

When Albuterol is started

51
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Why should patients taking digoxin and Albuterol be monitored closely?

A
  1. It increases the volume of distribution of digoxin which can
  2. Cause up to a 30% decrease in blood digoxin levels
52
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Which patients will require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

A

Patients with:

  1. DM
  2. Hyperthyroidism
  3. Pheochromocytoma
  4. Older adults
53
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Why do patients with DM require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

A
  1. Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia that could cause

2. Loss of diabetic control

54
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

What may need to be done for patients with DM when administering B2RAs?

A

Their insulin dosage may need to be increased

55
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Why do patients with Hyperthyroidism require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

A

Adverse reactions are more likely to occur

56
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Why do patients with Pheochromocytoma require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

A

Severe hypertension may occur

57
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

What should be done for patients with Pheochromocytoma when considering administering B2RAs?

A

Avoid use in these patients

58
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Why do older aged patients require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

A

Increased B2RA sensitivity

59
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

What pregnancy category is Albuterol?

A

Pregnancy Category C

60
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Does Albuterol cause human congenital anomalies?

A

No reports have been published on this

61
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Which type of B2RA is least likely to cause uterus contractions?

A

Inhaled forms

62
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Can Albuterol be measured in breast milk?

Why or why not?

A
  1. No

2. Only a small amount of drug is used and absorbed

63
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Is the use of Albuterol during lactation safe?

A

Most likely safe

64
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

What should be done if a patient is using Albuterol during lactation?

A

Careful monitoring of infant

65
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Is Albuterol used in infants and children?

A

Extensively

66
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Does Albuterol have adverse effects on children?

A

Minimal adverse effects

67
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications:

Of all the B2RAs which is the fist choice medication for young children?

68
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

How long do adverse reactions to B2RAs typically last?

A

Short lived

69
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

If an adverse reactions to a B2RA occurs should the mediation be discontinued?

A

Its not usually necessary

70
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

If an adverse reaction to a B2RA occurs what should be done?

What is the goal of this action?

A
  1. Temporarily reduce dose then
  2. Slowly increase the dose to the optimal dosing
  3. May alleviate some of the side effects
71
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

What are the adverse drug reactions that can occur with use of Albuterol?

A
  1. Tachycardia and palpitations
  2. CNS excitation effects
  3. Headaches
  4. Insomnia
72
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

In what percent of patients using B2RAs is tachycardia and palpitations reported?

73
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

What are the CNS excitation effects that can occur as an Adverse Drug Reaction to B2RAs?

A
  1. Tremors
  2. Dizziness
  3. Shakiness
  4. Nervousness
  5. Restlessness
74
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

In what percent of patients using B2RAs are headaches reported?

75
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions:

In what percent of patients using B2RAs is Insomnia reported?

76
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

Is careful monitoring of drug interactions with B2RAs necessary?

Why?

A
  1. Yes

2. D/t cardiovascular effects

77
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

Which medications do B2RAs interact with?

A
  1. Digoxin
  2. Other B2RAs
  3. Tricyclic antidepressants
  4. MAOIs
  5. Beta Blockers
  6. Cocaine
  7. Thyroid hormones
  8. Ritodrine
  9. Drugs that lower potassium level
78
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Digoxin/digitalis glycosides?

A

Digoxin serum levels may be decreased

79
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

If Digoxin serum levels are decreased d/t concurrent use of B2RAs and Digoxin/digitalis glycosides what can occur?

A

Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia

80
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

If B2RAs are administered with Digoxin/digitalis glycosides what should be monitored?

81
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for a patient concurrently using B2RAs and Digoxin?

A

Decreased dose of albuterol may be needed

82
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

A

Additive effects

83
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What system is effected with concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

84
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

Are the possible effects of concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs serious?

85
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patients concurrently using B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

A

Do not use concurrently

86
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants?

A

The effects on the vascular system may be potentiated

87
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What effect on the vascular system may be potentiated with concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants?

A

The pressor response of B2RAs

88
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What could a potentiated pressor response d/t concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants cause to occur?

A

Arrhythmias

89
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of albuterol and MAOIs?

A

The effects of albuterol may be potentiated

90
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What may occur if the effects of albuterol are potentiated by concurrent use MAOIs?

A
  1. Severe HTN
  2. Headache
  3. Hyperpyrexia
  4. Possible HTN crisis
91
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and MAOIs?

A

Do not use concurrently

92
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Beta Blockers?

A

Mutual inhibition of therapeutic effects of both medications

93
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Beta Blockers?

A

Do not use concurrently

94
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What medication is not to be forgotten when considering drug interactions of B2RAs and beta-adrenergic blocking agents?

A

Ophthalmic preparations

95
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Cocaine?

A

Increased CNS stimulation

96
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Cocaine?

A

Observe patients for cardiac and CNS effects

97
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Thyroid hormones?

A

The cardiac effects of both drugs may be enhanced

98
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What do cardiac effects of concurrent use of B2RAs and Thyroid hormones cause to occur?

A

Increased risk of coronary insufficiency

99
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Thyroid hormones?

A

Do not use concurrently in patients with preexisting cardiac disease

100
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Ritodrine?

A

Increased CNS stimulation

101
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What what action should be carried out for patients concurrently using B2RAs and Ritodrine?

A

Do not use concurrently

102
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Drugs that lower potassium level?

A
  1. Hypokalemia

2. ECG changes

103
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions:

What is the major class of drugs that lowers potassium levels?

104
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

Which short-acting beta 2 agonist is recommended for use of asthma?

A

There is no indication that one should be used over another

105
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

If there is no indication that one drug should be used over another who chooses the initial medication to be used?

A

The practitioner

106
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

When the practitioner is deciding which short-acting beta 2 agonist to prescribe for asthma what should be considered?

A
  1. Patient age

2. Cost

107
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

What is one of the the only short-acting bronchodilators that can be prescribed for children under age 4?

108
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

Is Albuterol safe to use even in infants?

109
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection:

Of the short-acting bronchodilators which medication is the least
expensive?

What kind especially?

A
  1. Albuterol

2. Especially a generic

110
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics: Monitoring

What labs/monitoring should be done for the patients on B2RAs?

A
  1. Peak flowmeter
  2. ECG (digitalis/digoxin)
  3. Monitor for Dysrhythmias (diuretics)
111
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What topics should be covered when providing patient education on use of B2RAs?

A
  1. Should be used as prescribed
  2. How to administer an MDI
  3. Assistive devices that can be used to administer MDIs
  4. Adverse reactions
  5. Lifestyle Management
112
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What could using more of a B2RAs than prescribed lead to?

A

Increased adverse effects

113
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What could using less of a B2RAs than prescribed lead to?

A

Increased bronchospasm and decreased pulmonary function.

114
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What should the provider NOT assume that the patient understands?

A

That the patient understands the proper method of administering inhaled medications.

115
Q

What is recommended to be used to assist in the administration of inhaled medications using an MDI?

A

See slides on MDI use and spacer devices in the “General Information” deck

116
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

Overuse of the beta2-agonist bronchodilators can lead to what?

A
  1. Seizures
  2. Hypokalemia
  3. Anginal pain
  4. Hypertension
117
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

Patients should understand that in the beginning they may have some stimulant-like effects that should lessen when used correctly. What are these effects?

A
  1. Increased heart rate

2. Tremors

118
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What are some other side effects of bronchodilators include what?

A
  1. Headache

2. GI upset

119
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

If a patient using bronchodilators experiences GI upset what should the provider recommend?

A

Taking oral medications with food

120
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What adverse effects of bronchodilators should the patient inform the provider that they are experiencing?

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Chest pain
  4. Muscle tremors
  5. Dizziness
  6. Headache
  7. Flushing
121
Q

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacotherapeutics:
Patient Education:

What lifestyle modifications should be taught to the patient using bronchodilators?

A
  1. Self-monitor with a peak flowmeter to determine effectiveness of the medication
  2. Avoid or quit smoking
  3. Avoid environmental triggers for asthma

Pharmacology Spring 2021 (22 decks)

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