Respiratory: B2RAs Flashcards by Julia Amero

Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: Beta2-Receptor Agonists:

Basic Understanding:

Abbreviation for Beta2-Receptor Agonists

B2RAs

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

Are Bronchodilators widely used?

Yes

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

What population uses B2RAs?

All ages

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

What are B2RAs used to treat?

Reversible bronchoconstriction caused by:

1. Asthma
2. Reactive airway disease
RAD
3. COPD

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Basic Understanding:

Are many types of B2RAs available?

If so, what types are there?

Yes

Many forms
Many delivery systems

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the categories of B2RAs needed to know for the Quiz?

What are the categories we need to know exist but do not need to memorize for the quiz?

Most commonly prescribed

2. Other sympathomimetic B2RA medications

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators:B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the Most commonly prescribed drug in this class?

INN/Generic Name?

Brand/Trade Names?

INN/Generic Name:

Albuterol or salbutamol

Brand/Trade Names:

ProAir
Ventolin
Proventil

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

What are the other sympathomimetic B2RAs medication categories?

Short Acting

2. Long Acting

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

DO NOT NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ

What are examples of Short Acting B2RAs?

metaproterenol (Alupent)
terbutaline (Brethine, Brethaire)
bitolterol (Tornalate)
pirbuterol (Maxair)
levalbuterol (Xopenex)

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Examples:

DO NOT NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ

What are examples of Long Acting B2RAs?

arformoterol (Brovana)
formoterol (Foradil)
indacaterol (Arcapta)
salmeterol (Serevent).

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What type of tissue do B2RAs act on?

Muscle

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics

What type of muscle do B2RAs act on?

Smooth muscle

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What type of smooth muscles does Albuterol act on to achieve target effect?

Bronchial tree smooth muscle

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Where are the smooth

What do B2RAs stimulate the smooth muscles in the bronchial tree to do?

Reverse bronchospasm

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Reversal of bronchospasm of B2RAs is achieved by decreasing __1___ / __2___ and increasing __3___/__4___.

Airway resistance
Residual volume
Vital capacity
Airflow

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Physiology/Dynamics of B2RAs

Stimulate beta2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs which
Activates adenyl cyclase (enzyme that converts ATP) which
Increases production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP)
Increased cAMP
- relaxes muscles
- inhibits release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells (esp. mast cells)

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What would the perfect B2RA do?

Work only on the beta 2 receptors in the lungs

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Are B2RAs perfect?

Why or why not?

All of the currently available B2RA preparations
have some effects on other body systems

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Is Albuterol selective or non selective?

Selective

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What does Albuterol effect in order to categorize it as a selective B2RA?

Beta2 agonist

2. Some minor beta1 activity

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Other than beta 2 receptors found on the smooth muscle in the lungs, what other type of smooth muscle beta 2 receptors are stimulated when using Albuterol?

CNS and..

Smooth Muscle:

Vascular
Skeletal

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Which beta 2 receptors on vascular smooth muscle are stimulated when using Albuterol?

Cardiac beta2 receptors

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

Stimulation of the cardiac beta2 receptors causes what to happen when using Albuterol?

Vasodilation

2. Decrease in diastolic blood pressure

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Types of Respiratory Drugs:

Bronchodilators: B2RAs:

Pharmacodynamics:

What does vasodilation and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure caused by the stimulation of cardiac beta2 receptors when using Albuterol cause to occur?

Reflex increased HR

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Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: What must be achieved when using Albuterol to cause Reflex increased HR?

High serum levels of Albuterol

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: Why are high serum levels of Albuterol needed to cause increased HR?

1. Albuterol has a low affinity for cardiac beta2 receptors | 2. Fewer beta2 receptors than beta1 receptors in the heart

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: When beta 2 receptors on skeletal smooth muscle are stimulated by Albuterol what occurs?

Tremors

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: Compared to other agonists does Albuterol have less or more effects on the cardiac system and the CNS?

Fewer effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: What line of therapy is Albuterol considered (first, second, etc...)?

First line

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacodynamics: What contributes to Albuterol being considered first line therapy?

Fewer cardiac and CNS effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: How is Albuterol most commonly administered?

Inhaled

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: Other than inhaled Albuterol, in which other way can Albuterol be administered?

Orally

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: Where is inhaled Albuterol absorbed?

In the bronchi

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: Where is oral Albuterol absorbed?

1. In the GI tract where is reaches the 2. Bloodstream which 3. Widely distributes it in body fluids and tissues

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: Which variation of albuterol is formulated to be absorbed more slowly?

Extended-release oral albuterol

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Absorption and Distribution: Does Albuterol excrete into breast milk?

It is unknown

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: Where is Albuterol metabolized?

Hepatic/Liver

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How is Albuterol Excreted?

1. Renal/Urine | 2. Fecal

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: What is Albuterol metabolized into?

Albuterol 49-O-sulfate

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: What effect does albuterol 49-O-sulfate have?

1. Little or no beta adrenergic–stimulating effect | 2. No beta adrenergic–blocking effect

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How much inhaled Albuterol is excreted in urine within 24 hours of inhalation?

Approximately 72%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: In what forms is inhaled Albuterol excreted in urine within 24 hours of inhalation?

1. 28% unchanged drug | 2. 44% metabolite

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How much inhaled Albuterol is excreted in feces within 24 hours of inhalation?

Approximately 10%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How much oral Albuterol is excreted in urine within 24 hours of taking it?

The majority

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How much oral Albuterol is excreted in urine within 3 days of taking it?

65%-90%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion: How much oral Albuterol is excreted in feces?

About 4%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Do B2RAs have many contraindications to use?

Relatively few

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: What are the contraindications of use with B2RAs?

Patients with cardiac arrhythmias associated with tachycardia or heart block caused by: 1. Digitalis intoxication 2. Angina 3. Narrow-angle glaucoma 4. Organic brain damage (epinephrine only) 5. Shock during general anesthesia with halogenated agents

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Who should be monitored closely when administering B2RAs?

Patients with: 1. HTN 2. CAD 3. Coronary insufficiency 4. CHF 5. Hx of stroke 6. Hx of arrhythmias 7. Taking digoxin

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: When should patients taking digoxin and Albuterol be monitored closely?

When Albuterol is started

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Why should patients taking digoxin and Albuterol be monitored closely?

1. It increases the volume of distribution of digoxin which can 2. Cause up to a 30% decrease in blood digoxin levels

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Which patients will require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

Patients with: 1. DM 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Pheochromocytoma 4. Older adults

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Why do patients with DM require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

1. Potential drug-induced hyperglycemia that could cause | 2. Loss of diabetic control

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: What may need to be done for patients with DM when administering B2RAs?

Their insulin dosage may need to be increased

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Why do patients with Hyperthyroidism require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

Adverse reactions are more likely to occur

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Why do patients with Pheochromocytoma require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

Severe hypertension may occur

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: What should be done for patients with Pheochromocytoma when considering administering B2RAs?

Avoid use in these patients

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Why do older aged patients require special considerations when administering B2RAs?

Increased B2RA sensitivity

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: What pregnancy category is Albuterol?

Pregnancy Category C

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Does Albuterol cause human congenital anomalies?

No reports have been published on this

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Which type of B2RA is least likely to cause uterus contractions?

Inhaled forms

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Can Albuterol be measured in breast milk? Why or why not?

1. No | 2. Only a small amount of drug is used and absorbed

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Is the use of Albuterol during lactation safe?

Most likely safe

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: What should be done if a patient is using Albuterol during lactation?

Careful monitoring of infant

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Is Albuterol used in infants and children?

Extensively

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Does Albuterol have adverse effects on children?

Minimal adverse effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Precautions and Contraindications: Of all the B2RAs which is the fist choice medication for young children?

Albuterol

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: How long do adverse reactions to B2RAs typically last?

Short lived

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: If an adverse reactions to a B2RA occurs should the mediation be discontinued?

Its not usually necessary

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: If an adverse reaction to a B2RA occurs what should be done? What is the goal of this action?

1. Temporarily reduce dose then 2. Slowly increase the dose to the optimal dosing 3. May alleviate some of the side effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: What are the adverse drug reactions that can occur with use of Albuterol?

1. Tachycardia and palpitations 2. CNS excitation effects 3. Headaches 4. Insomnia

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: In what percent of patients using B2RAs is tachycardia and palpitations reported?

14%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: What are the CNS excitation effects that can occur as an Adverse Drug Reaction to B2RAs?

1. Tremors 2. Dizziness 3. Shakiness 4. Nervousness 5. Restlessness

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: In what percent of patients using B2RAs are headaches reported?

2% to 28%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Adverse Drug Reactions: In what percent of patients using B2RAs is Insomnia reported?

1% to 3%

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: Is careful monitoring of drug interactions with B2RAs necessary? Why?

1. Yes | 2. D/t cardiovascular effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: Which medications do B2RAs interact with?

1. Digoxin 2. Other B2RAs 3. Tricyclic antidepressants 4. MAOIs 5. Beta Blockers 6. Cocaine 7. Thyroid hormones 8. Ritodrine 9. Drugs that lower potassium level

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Digoxin/digitalis glycosides?

Digoxin serum levels may be decreased

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: If Digoxin serum levels are decreased d/t concurrent use of B2RAs and Digoxin/digitalis glycosides what can occur?

Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: If B2RAs are administered with Digoxin/digitalis glycosides what should be monitored?

ECG

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for a patient concurrently using B2RAs and Digoxin?

Decreased dose of albuterol may be needed

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

Additive effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What system is effected with concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

Cardiac

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: Are the possible effects of concurrent use of B2RAs and Other B2RAs serious?

Yes

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patients concurrently using B2RAs and Other B2RAs?

Do not use concurrently

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants?

The effects on the vascular system may be potentiated

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What effect on the vascular system may be potentiated with concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants?

The pressor response of B2RAs

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What could a potentiated pressor response d/t concurrent use of B2RAs and Tricyclic antidepressants cause to occur?

Arrhythmias

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of albuterol and MAOIs?

The effects of albuterol may be potentiated

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What may occur if the effects of albuterol are potentiated by concurrent use MAOIs?

1. Severe HTN 2. Headache 3. Hyperpyrexia 4. Possible HTN crisis

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and MAOIs?

Do not use concurrently

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Beta Blockers?

Mutual inhibition of therapeutic effects of both medications

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Beta Blockers?

Do not use concurrently

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What medication is not to be forgotten when considering drug interactions of B2RAs and beta-adrenergic blocking agents?

Ophthalmic preparations

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Cocaine?

Increased CNS stimulation

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Cocaine?

Observe patients for cardiac and CNS effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Thyroid hormones?

The cardiac effects of both drugs may be enhanced

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What do cardiac effects of concurrent use of B2RAs and Thyroid hormones cause to occur?

Increased risk of coronary insufficiency

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patient concurrently using B2RAs and Thyroid hormones?

Do not use concurrently in patients with preexisting cardiac disease

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Ritodrine?

Increased CNS stimulation

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What what action should be carried out for patients concurrently using B2RAs and Ritodrine?

Do not use concurrently

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is a possible effect of concurrent use of B2RAs and Drugs that lower potassium level?

1. Hypokalemia | 2. ECG changes

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Drug Interactions: What is the major class of drugs that lowers potassium levels?

Diuretics

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: Which short-acting beta 2 agonist is recommended for use of asthma?

There is no indication that one should be used over another

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: If there is no indication that one drug should be used over another who chooses the initial medication to be used?

The practitioner

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: When the practitioner is deciding which short-acting beta 2 agonist to prescribe for asthma what should be considered?

1. Patient age | 2. Cost

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: What is one of the the only short-acting bronchodilators that can be prescribed for children under age 4?

Albuterol

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: Is Albuterol safe to use even in infants?

Yes

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Rational Drug Selection: Of the short-acting bronchodilators which medication is the least expensive? What kind especially?

1. Albuterol | 2. Especially a generic

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Monitoring What labs/monitoring should be done for the patients on B2RAs?

1. Peak flowmeter 2. ECG (digitalis/digoxin) 3. Monitor for Dysrhythmias (diuretics)

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What topics should be covered when providing patient education on use of B2RAs?

1. Should be used as prescribed 2. How to administer an MDI 3. Assistive devices that can be used to administer MDIs 4. Adverse reactions 5. Lifestyle Management

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What could using more of a B2RAs than prescribed lead to?

Increased adverse effects

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What could using less of a B2RAs than prescribed lead to?

Increased bronchospasm and decreased pulmonary function.

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What should the provider NOT assume that the patient understands?

That the patient understands the proper method of administering inhaled medications.

What is recommended to be used to assist in the administration of inhaled medications using an MDI?

See slides on MDI use and spacer devices in the "General Information" deck

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: Overuse of the beta2-agonist bronchodilators can lead to what?

1. Seizures 2. Hypokalemia 3. Anginal pain 4. Hypertension

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: Patients should understand that in the beginning they may have some stimulant-like effects that should lessen when used correctly. What are these effects?

1. Increased heart rate | 2. Tremors

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What are some other side effects of bronchodilators include what?

1. Headache | 2. GI upset

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: If a patient using bronchodilators experiences GI upset what should the provider recommend?

Taking oral medications with food

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What adverse effects of bronchodilators should the patient inform the provider that they are experiencing?

1. Palpitations 2. Tachycardia 3. Chest pain 4. Muscle tremors 5. Dizziness 6. Headache 7. Flushing

Types of Respiratory Drugs: Bronchodilators: B2RAs: Pharmacotherapeutics: Patient Education: What lifestyle modifications should be taught to the patient using bronchodilators?

1. Self-monitor with a peak flowmeter to determine effectiveness of the medication 2. Avoid or quit smoking 3. Avoid environmental triggers for asthma