Respiratory Arrest Flashcards
S/S of Respiratory Arrest include:
-Tachypnea
-Increased Respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
-Inadequate respiratory effort (hypoventilation, bradypnea)
-Abnormal airway sounds (strider, wheezing, grunting)
-Tachydardia
-Pale, cool skin (however some causes of respiratory distress, like sepsis may causer warm, red & diaphoretic skin).
-Changes in LOC/agitation
-Use of Abdominal muscles to help breathe
Respiratory Failure is a clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation or both.
Respiratory Failure is often the end stage of Respiratory Distress.
If the pt has abnormal CNS control of breathing or muscle weakness, the pt may show little or no respiratory effort despite being in respiratory failure.
Suspect probable respiratory failure is come of the following signs are present:
-Marked Tachypnea
-Bradypnea, apnea
-No respiratory effort
-Tachypnea (early)
-Bradycardia (late)
-Cyanosis
-Stupor, coma (late)
Respiratory Failure can result from:
-Upper or lower airway obstruction
-Lung tissue disease
-Disordered control of breathing (e.g., apnea, shallow, slow respirations)
When respiratory effort is inadequate respiratory failure can occur w/o typical signs of respiratory distress.
Respiratory failure can occur w/ a rise in arterial CO2 (hyper apnea), a drop in blood oxygen (hypoxemia) or both.
Respiratory distress can lead to respiratory failure and respiratory failure can lead to cardiac arrest.
Respiratory arrest is the absence of breathing, usually caused by an event such as drowning or head injury.
What is the normal tidal volume in an adult & when bagging a pt what should be observed?
-500-600 ml (6-7 ml/kg)
-bag enough visible chest rise
-Most adult bag-mask devices produce a higher TV than recommended.
Why might a pt need higher pressure to produce visible chest rise?
-Airway obstruction
-Poor lung compliance
Why is it important to avoid excessive ventilation during respiratory & cardiac arrest?
-Excessive ventilation can cause gastric inflation & complication such as
*increased intrathoracic pressure
*decreased venous return to the heart
*decreased cardiac output & survival rate
*May cause cerebral vasoconstriction, reducing blood blow to the brain
What is the respiratory rate to given a pt in respiratory arrest w/ a BVM?
-1 breath every 6 seconds (10/min) over 1 sec to achieve visible chest rise.
What drug should be considered for the pt in respiratory arrest (besides O2)?
-Nalaxone
How can yo confirm & monitor the placement of an advanced airway placement in the intubated pt?
-Ongoing waveform quantitative capnography
For pts w/ a perfuming rhythms, how often should a breath be given
-every 6 seconds
