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Biology > respiratory and circulatory systems > Flashcards

respiratory and circulatory systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering the trachea

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2
Q

Esophagus

A

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

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3
Q

Circulatory system

A

transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat ect. around the body

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4
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body. gets. rid of carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Pharynx

A

throat

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6
Q

lungs

A

the organ responsible for the exchange of oxygenated. carbon dioxide

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7
Q

bronchi

A

airways in the lungs that lead from trachea to bronchioles

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8
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi leading to the alveoli

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9
Q

trachea

A

windpipe made of c ringed cartilage

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10
Q

Inhalation

A

Diaphragm contracts and moves down, intercostal muscles contract and ribs move up and out. Increases volume and decreases pressure, air moves from HP to LP

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11
Q

Exhalation

A

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up, ribs move down and in, the volume decreases and increases the pressure.

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12
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

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13
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Nose warms, moistens and flyers the air

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

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15
Q

Alveoli

A

any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between lung and capillaries

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16
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, are thick walled with elastic tissue

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17
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, thinner walls and have valves

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18
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood

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19
Q

Red blood cells

A

erythrocytes, that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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20
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes, destroy pathogens

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21
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments important in. Clotting

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22
Q

Fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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24
Q

Varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

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25
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels in your body that connect arteries to veins

26
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

27
Q

Triscuspid valve

A

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

28
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

29
Q

Inferior Vena cava

A

the vein that returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm

30
Q

Aortic semi lunar valve

A

Valve between left ventricle and aorta

31
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

32
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

33
Q

Blood pressure

A

the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries, measured as systole/diastole

34
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker of the heart, located in upper part of right atrium

35
Q

Ventilation

A

inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2

36
Q

External Respiration

A

exchange of gases between alveoli (lungs) and blood (circulatory)

37
Q

Internal Respiration

A

movement of gases between the blood and the cells

38
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Base on f the brain controls breathing rate by detecting changes in the blood pH

39
Q

Control of Breathing

A
  • Controlled by automatic (autonomic) nervous system
  • Medulla oblongata located at the stem of the brain
    chemoreceptors detect changes in pH

• increase in blood CO2  increase in carbonic acid (lower pH)  increases breathing rate

40
Q

fish respiratory system

A
  • blood is pumped into gills
  • counter current flow maximizes the diffusion of o2 into the gills
    due to this flow o2 is always greater. in h2o. and can diffuse into the gills
41
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection… interferes with gas exchange, and the body becomes starved for oxygen

42
Q

Bronchitis

A

bronchi become red, inflamed, and filled with mucus…acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant…cilia lining the bronchi are gradually destroyed)

43
Q

Asthma

A

Inhaled irritants such as pollen, dust, and smoke can often trigger an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles…narrows the air passages of the bronchi and bronchioles, thus reducing airflow. People with asthma experience wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath

44
Q

Emphysema

A

walls of the alveoli lose their elasticity…the respiratory surface for gas exchange and causes an oxygen shortage…Exhaling becomes difficult because the small airways collapse during exhalation, trapping air in the lungs and blocking the airflow

45
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

genetic condition causes cells lining the airways to release thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. The mucus traps disease-causing agents, making it difficult to clear bacteria that cause lung infections

46
Q

Cardiac circulation

A

blood capillaries within the heart

47
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

heart - lungs

48
Q

Systemic circulation

A

heart - rest of the body

49
Q

Red Blood Cell scientific name

A

Erythrocytes

50
Q

White Blood Cells scientific name

A

Leukocytes

51
Q

Control of Heart Rate

A
  • contraction without brain input
  • Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells are nerve cells in the right atrium
  • SA node causes the atria to contract
    sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) node.
  • electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres called Purkinje fibres to the ventricles
  • causing them to contract.
52
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

Transmits signal from AV node to apex of the heart causing ventricles to contract from bottom up.

53
Q

Fish with a two chambered heart

A
  • Deoxygenated blood enters the atrium, then into the ventricle
  • It is pumped to the gills for. Oxygenation
54
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

arteries thicken and lose elasticity

55
Q

Describe the two methods of treating arteriosclerosis

A

…angioplasty-insert a tube into artery, and a tiny balloon forces the artery open
…coronary bypass

56
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

…bulge in the artery caused by weakened area

57
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

..irregular heartbeat

58
Q

What are congenital defects? Describe heart murmurs as an example

A

born with….heart murmurs abnormal blood flow in the heart (example valves do not close fully causing a wooshing sound as blood leaks through when the heart beats)

59
Q

What is a stroke?

A

…arteries supplying blood to the brain are damaged results in brain tissue not getting nutrients and oxygen

60
Q

Describe 3 technologies used in diagnosing: ECHO, ECG, Holter monitor

A

…ECHO (echocariogram)- ultrasound to see 3D of heart…could check valves and chambers
…ECG (electrocardiogram)
…Holter monitor records heart signals for 24-48 hours

61
Q

hemophilia

A

a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.

62
Q

leukaemia

A

a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes. These suppress the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia and other symptoms.

Biology (6 decks)

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