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1st year Anatomy > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the middle lung lobe auscultated?

A

Between right ribs 4&6

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2
Q

Where are the lung apex?

A

Superior to the clavicle

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3
Q

Where can the lung bases be auscultated?

A

At T11 vertebrae

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4
Q

which rib is the landmark for the anatomical site of the oblique fissures anteriorly

A

Rib 6

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5
Q

At which spinal cord level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus?

A

C6

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6
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

The trachea bifurcates at the level of the sternal angle, at costal cartilage 2

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7
Q

What does the head of a rib articulate with?

A

The body of thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

What does the rib tubercle articulate with?

A

The transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

What does the end of a rib articulate with?

A

The sternum

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10
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there?

A

11

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Sternum
Ribs 7-12
L1-L3 vertebrae

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12
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the diaphragm?

A

C3, C4 and C5

the phrenic nerve is made up of the combined anterior rami

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13
Q

Describe the pleura surrounding the lungs

A 
Cervical pleura, 
Costal pleura, 
Costophrenic angle 
Diaphragmatic pleura 
Mediastinal pleura
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14
Q

Which structures does the lung hilum include?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins
Lymph nodes
Main bronchi

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves are stimulated in coughing and sneezing?

A

Sneezing - CNV and CNIX

Coughing- CNIX and CN X

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16
Q

Describe the course of the phrenic nerves through the neck and chest

A

Descend through the neck on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle and then descend through the chest on the lateral aspects of the fibrous pericardium, anterior to the lung root

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17
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the intercostal muscles?

A

T1 - T11

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18
Q

Name 4 accessory muscles of inspiration

A

Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Major
Scalenus anterior/medius and posterior
Sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Sternum
Ribs
Humerus

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20
Q

What are the attachments of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Ribs 3-5

Scapula

21
Q

What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process of the temporal bones

22
Q

What are the attachments of the scalenus anterior, medius and posterior?

A

Cervical vertebrae

Ribs 1-2

23
Q

What are the 4 anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

Rectus abdominus
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus

24
Q

What are the attachments of the rectus abdominus?

A

Zyphoid process, costal margin, pubis

25
Q

What are the attachments of the external oblique?

A

Superficial aspects of the lower ribs, iliac crest, pubic tubercle

26
Q

What are the attachments of the internal oblique?

A

Inferior border of the lower ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

27
Q

What are the attachments of the transverses abdominus?

A

Deep aspects of the lower ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

28
Q

What is the linea semilunaris and what is the linea alba?

A

Linea semilunari - where muscle meets aponeurosis

Linea alba - where aponeurosis meets aponeurosis (midline)

29
Q

what are some of the functions of the abdominal wall muscles?

A

Tonic contractions - posture and support of the vertebral column
Guarding contractions- protects abdominal viscera
Contractions - forced expiration

30
Q

Which nerve causes adduction and abduction of the vocal cords?

A

Vagus nerve

31
Q

What structure does adduction of the vocal cords close off?

A

The rima glottidis

32
Q

What structure does abduction of the vocal cords open?

A

The rima glottidis

33
Q

What is the definition of a pneumothorax?

A

When air enters the pleural cavity

34
Q

What constitutes a ‘large’ pneumothorax?

A

> 2cm gap between the lung and the parietal pleura

35
Q

What are the parts of the mediastinum?

A

Superior, Middle, Posterior, Anterior

36
Q

At what vertebrae level is the junction between the superior mediastinum and the rest of the mediastinum and which structure indicates this level anteriorly?

A

T4

Sternal angle

37
Q

What is the management for a pneumothorax?

A 
IMMEDIATE TREATMENT; 
Needle aspiration 
2nd intercostal space 
Mid-clavicular line 
PERMANENT TREATMENT; 
Chest drain 
4th/5th intercostal space
mid-axillary line
38
Q

Name 4 types of hernia

A

Diaphragmatic
Umbilical
Inguinal
Femoral

39
Q

What are the two types of diaphragmatic herniae?

A

Sliding hiatus hernia

Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia

40
Q

With which kind of hernia, Sliding hiatus or

Paraoesophageal hiatus, does the GO junction move from its usual permanent position at the level of the diaphragm?

A

Sliding hiatus hernia

41
Q

Where is the inguinal region between?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Pubic tubercle

42
Q

During development, what structures pass through the inguinal canal?

A

The round ligament of the uterus (F)

The spermatic cord (M)

43
Q

What can cause an inguinal hernia to form?

A

Chronic cough
Chronic constipation
Weight lifting
Athletic effort

44
Q

In which kind of inguinal hernia, direct or indirect, will a lump reappear when the deep ring is occluded with a finger and the patient is asked to cough?

A

Direct

45
Q

What part of the diaphragm is formed by the septum transversum?

A

Central tendon of the diaphragm

46
Q

At what point does the trachea commence and terminate?

A

C6 to T5/T6

47
Q

What is each bronchus accompanied by in the lung hilum?

A

1x pulmonary artery and two pulmonary veins

48
Q

What is the surface landmark of the horizontal fissure of the lung?

A

The anterior end of right rib 4

the fissure is located in the right lung where it separated the upper and middle lobes

49
Q

The acromioclavicular joint is between the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula, what is palpable inferior to this joint on the anterior chest wall?

A

The coracoid process of the scapula

1st year Anatomy (7 decks)

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