Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
URIs include: (2)
“colds” and croup
Lower airway Dz include (3)
asthma, pneumonia, and COPD
clinically the division between upper and lower airways is the region of the:
larynx at the vocal cords
the last portion of the conduction airways is the:
terminal bronchiole
the sequence of the respiratory airways (in order):
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
individual alveoli
tip of the nose is made of
hyaline cartilage
the bone that forms the bridge of the nose is the:
nasal facial bone
the nasal septum is made of what fused bones?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer
the hard palate is made of what two fused bones?
maxillary and palatine bones
the region that separated the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx is the:
internal nares
the three pairs of bones that project inward into the nasal cavity (and clinically termed the turbinates) are the:
superior, middle and inferior conchae
what is the space called that lies below each of the conchae?
meatus
the type of epithelium found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is:
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
the midline structure that is part of the soft palate is the:
uvula
the tonsillar tissue that is found in the oropharynx is/are the:
palantine tonsils
tonsillar tissue that is found at the base of the tongue is the:
lingual tosil
the most anterior arch of the oropharynx that contains the uvula is the….
glossopharyngeal arch
the space in between these two arches (that separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx) is termed the
fauces
the type of epithelium found in the oropharynx and extends to the vocal cords
stratified squamous
the bone that is the most superior structure in the laryngeal apparatus is the:
hyoid
the single cartilage that is the most superior of the group of laryngeal cartilages is the….
thyroid cartilage
the laryngeal cartilages are composed of …
hyaline cartilage
the cartilage that is located immediately below the thyroid cartilage is the
cricoid cartilage
the two cartilages that are attached to the vocal cords are the….
arytenoid cartilages
the tiny cartilages that are fused on top of the arytenoid cartilages
corniculate cartilages
the two cartilages that are enveloped in the vestibular vocal cords are the…
cuneiform cartilage
the tubular structure for air flow immediately below the cricoid cartilage is the
trachea
the esophagus is posterior to the….
trachea
the structure of that prevents aspiration of food and liquid into the trachea is the:
epiglottis
what s the epiglottis composed of
elastic cartilage
the technical name for the “true” vocal cords
vocal ligaments
the support tissue or “false” vocal cords are called:
vestibular folds or ligaments
the opening in between the vocal cords is termed the
glottis
what does the palate do during swallowing?
it elevates
what is the shape of the tracheal cartilage and what is it made out of?
C shaped, hyaline cartilage
the sooth muscle at the posterior aspect of the trachea is the
trachealis
the type of epithelium found in the trachea and large airways is
pseudostratifies cilliated columnar
the most inferior portion of the trachea that cntains abundant receptors that triggers cough is termed the…
carina
the four layers of the trachea are the:
mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
the type of cell that is interspersed amoung the epithelium of the trachea and produces mucus:
goblet cell
what is the most angulated bronchi?
the left
which bronchi is shorter , wider and has a straighter course?
right main stem bronchi
which main stem bronchi is more likely to be involved with aspiration?
right
the region of the lungs where the primary bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter the lung
hilum
how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?
Left?
right: 3
left: 2
what fissure is present in both lungs?
oblique
what fissure is only present in the right lung?
horizontal
how many lobes does each lung have?
right: 3
left: 2
the lobes of the lungs correlate with which generation of airways?
secondary bronichi
the bronchopulmonary segments correlate with which generations of airways?
tertiary
how many generations of airways are there?
approximately 23
what epithelium is found in primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
what epithelium is found in larger bronchioles
ciliated simple columnar
what epithelium is found in smaller bronchioles
ciliated simple cuboidal
what epithelium is found in terminal bronchioles
nonciliated simple cuboidal
the amount of cartilage in the airways (increase/decrease) as you move from larger to smaller airways
decreases
the amount of smooth muscle wrapped around the airways (increases/decreases) as you move from larger to smaller airways
increases
the type of adrenergic receptor found on the smooth muscles in the airway are :
beta-2
the effect of the binding of norepinephrine binding to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle is:
relaxzation and bronchodilation
an airway is termed what when it’s diameter is less than 1mm
bronchiole
the last part of the conduction airways is at the level of the
terminal bronchiole
alveolus is the site for:
gas exchange (diffusion)
the alveolus is lined by what type of cell
simple squamous
what do type 2 pneumocytes produce
surfactant
what is the function of surfactant
decrease the surface tension of water and prevent the collapse of the alveoli
the alveolar capillary MB is made of
simple squamous cells of the alveoli, basement MB and simple squamous cells of the capiilaries
the two lungs are/are not physically connected
NOT!
the serous MB adherent to the the lungs is termed the
visceral pleura
the serous MB that lines the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
the space between the parietal and visceral serous MBs contain fluid and is termed:
pleural space
at any point in the time during ventilation, the itrapleural pressure is
4 mmhg lower than the intraalvelolar pressure
the apex of the lungs rise slightly above the (bony landmark)
clavical
the base of the lungs are immediately above the
diaphragm
the two sources of blood to the lungs are the:
pulmonary circulation and the 4 bronchial arteries
the intercostal arteries lie in which position relative to the ribs
below the ribs
the lymphatic drainage from the right side of the thoracic cavity empties into the:
right lymphatic duct and then into the right subclavian vein
the lymphatic drainage from the left side of the thoracic cavity empties into:
the thoracic duct and then into the left subclavian
