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A&P Q2 T3 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

URIs include: (2)

A

“colds” and croup

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2
Q

Lower airway Dz include (3)

A

asthma, pneumonia, and COPD

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3
Q

clinically the division between upper and lower airways is the region of the:

A

larynx at the vocal cords

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4
Q

the last portion of the conduction airways is the:

A

terminal bronchiole

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5
Q

the sequence of the respiratory airways (in order):

A

respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
individual alveoli

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6
Q

tip of the nose is made of

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

the bone that forms the bridge of the nose is the:

A

nasal facial bone

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8
Q

the nasal septum is made of what fused bones?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

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9
Q

the hard palate is made of what two fused bones?

A

maxillary and palatine bones

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10
Q

the region that separated the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx is the:

A

internal nares

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11
Q

the three pairs of bones that project inward into the nasal cavity (and clinically termed the turbinates) are the:

A

superior, middle and inferior conchae

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12
Q

what is the space called that lies below each of the conchae?

A

meatus

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13
Q

the type of epithelium found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx is:

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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14
Q

the midline structure that is part of the soft palate is the:

A

uvula

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15
Q

the tonsillar tissue that is found in the oropharynx is/are the:

A

palantine tonsils

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16
Q

tonsillar tissue that is found at the base of the tongue is the:

A

lingual tosil

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17
Q

the most anterior arch of the oropharynx that contains the uvula is the….

A

glossopharyngeal arch

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18
Q

the space in between these two arches (that separates the oral cavity from the oropharynx) is termed the

A

fauces

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19
Q

the type of epithelium found in the oropharynx and extends to the vocal cords

A

stratified squamous

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20
Q

the bone that is the most superior structure in the laryngeal apparatus is the:

A

hyoid

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21
Q

the single cartilage that is the most superior of the group of laryngeal cartilages is the….

A

thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

the laryngeal cartilages are composed of …

A

hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

the cartilage that is located immediately below the thyroid cartilage is the

A

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

the two cartilages that are attached to the vocal cords are the….

A

arytenoid cartilages

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25
Q

the tiny cartilages that are fused on top of the arytenoid cartilages

A

corniculate cartilages

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26
Q

the two cartilages that are enveloped in the vestibular vocal cords are the…

A

cuneiform cartilage

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27
Q

the tubular structure for air flow immediately below the cricoid cartilage is the

A

trachea

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28
Q

the esophagus is posterior to the….

A

trachea

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29
Q

the structure of that prevents aspiration of food and liquid into the trachea is the:

A

epiglottis

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30
Q

what s the epiglottis composed of

A

elastic cartilage

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31
Q

the technical name for the “true” vocal cords

A

vocal ligaments

32
Q

the support tissue or “false” vocal cords are called:

A

vestibular folds or ligaments

33
Q

the opening in between the vocal cords is termed the

A

glottis

34
Q

what does the palate do during swallowing?

A

it elevates

35
Q

what is the shape of the tracheal cartilage and what is it made out of?

A

C shaped, hyaline cartilage

36
Q

the sooth muscle at the posterior aspect of the trachea is the

A

trachealis

37
Q

the type of epithelium found in the trachea and large airways is

A

pseudostratifies cilliated columnar

38
Q

the most inferior portion of the trachea that cntains abundant receptors that triggers cough is termed the…

A

carina

39
Q

the four layers of the trachea are the:

A

mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia

40
Q

the type of cell that is interspersed amoung the epithelium of the trachea and produces mucus:

A

goblet cell

41
Q

what is the most angulated bronchi?

A

the left

42
Q

which bronchi is shorter , wider and has a straighter course?

A

right main stem bronchi

43
Q

which main stem bronchi is more likely to be involved with aspiration?

A

right

44
Q

the region of the lungs where the primary bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter the lung

A

hilum

45
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

Left?

A

right: 3
left: 2

46
Q

what fissure is present in both lungs?

A

oblique

47
Q

what fissure is only present in the right lung?

A

horizontal

48
Q

how many lobes does each lung have?

A

right: 3
left: 2

49
Q

the lobes of the lungs correlate with which generation of airways?

A

secondary bronichi

50
Q

the bronchopulmonary segments correlate with which generations of airways?

A

tertiary

51
Q

how many generations of airways are there?

A

approximately 23

52
Q

what epithelium is found in primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

53
Q

what epithelium is found in larger bronchioles

A

ciliated simple columnar

54
Q

what epithelium is found in smaller bronchioles

A

ciliated simple cuboidal

55
Q

what epithelium is found in terminal bronchioles

A

nonciliated simple cuboidal

56
Q

the amount of cartilage in the airways (increase/decrease) as you move from larger to smaller airways

A

decreases

57
Q

the amount of smooth muscle wrapped around the airways (increases/decreases) as you move from larger to smaller airways

A

increases

58
Q

the type of adrenergic receptor found on the smooth muscles in the airway are :

A

beta-2

59
Q

the effect of the binding of norepinephrine binding to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle is:

A

relaxzation and bronchodilation

60
Q

an airway is termed what when it’s diameter is less than 1mm

A

bronchiole

61
Q

the last part of the conduction airways is at the level of the

A

terminal bronchiole

62
Q

alveolus is the site for:

A

gas exchange (diffusion)

63
Q

the alveolus is lined by what type of cell

A

simple squamous

64
Q

what do type 2 pneumocytes produce

A

surfactant

65
Q

what is the function of surfactant

A

decrease the surface tension of water and prevent the collapse of the alveoli

66
Q

the alveolar capillary MB is made of

A

simple squamous cells of the alveoli, basement MB and simple squamous cells of the capiilaries

67
Q

the two lungs are/are not physically connected

A

NOT!

68
Q

the serous MB adherent to the the lungs is termed the

A

visceral pleura

69
Q

the serous MB that lines the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

70
Q

the space between the parietal and visceral serous MBs contain fluid and is termed:

A

pleural space

71
Q

at any point in the time during ventilation, the itrapleural pressure is

A

4 mmhg lower than the intraalvelolar pressure

72
Q

the apex of the lungs rise slightly above the (bony landmark)

A

clavical

73
Q

the base of the lungs are immediately above the

A

diaphragm

74
Q

the two sources of blood to the lungs are the:

A

pulmonary circulation and the 4 bronchial arteries

75
Q

the intercostal arteries lie in which position relative to the ribs

A

below the ribs

76
Q

the lymphatic drainage from the right side of the thoracic cavity empties into the:

A

right lymphatic duct and then into the right subclavian vein

77
Q

the lymphatic drainage from the left side of the thoracic cavity empties into:

A

the thoracic duct and then into the left subclavian

A&P Q2 T3 (4 decks)

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