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Biology 163 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the Cardiopulmonary System?

A

The lungs and heart

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2
Q

What are the two closest working organs? How

A

The lungs and heart
Spatially: closest proximity in thoracic cavity
Functionally: collaborate to deliver oxygen & nutrients to organs; remove waste

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3
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

to supply the body with O2 & dispose of CO2

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4
Q

What is…
Ventilation
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Cellular Respiration

A

Ventilation: inhalation/ exhalation
External Respiration: gas exchange at lungs
Internal Respiration: gas exchange at body tissues
Cellular Respiration: ATP synthesis

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5
Q

What are 5 other functions of the respiratory system?

A

BP regulation
Blood & Lymph Flow
Acid-Base balance (ph of bodily fluids)
Olfaction (smell)
Speech Production

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6
Q

What makes up the two major structural divisions of the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract?

A

Upper:
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Paranasal sinuses
Lower:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli

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7
Q

What makes up the respiratory membrane?

A

single cell of capillary bed right next to single cell or alveoli

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8
Q

What are the two major functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Air-conducting and Gas Exchange

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9
Q

What is the Respiratory vs. Conducting?

A

Respiratory zone: where gas exchange occurs
Conduction zone: structures designed to bring air to and from resp zone

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10
Q

The facial part of the nose is shaped by what two things?

A

boen and hyaline cartilages

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11
Q

What is the roll of the oral cavity and pharynx?

A

cleanse, warm, and humidify the air entering the body

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12
Q

What are the roles of nose hairs and conchae?

A

nose hairs: filter large debris from air
Conchae: stir air

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13
Q

What is the Trachea?

A

the passageway for air and anything being ingested

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14
Q

What two tissues make up anatomical membranes, like the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, in our body?

A

Epithelial and loose connective

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15
Q

Mucous membranes line the majority of the respiratory tract except where?

A

in gas exchange structures

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16
Q

In the nasal cavity, what type of epithelium does the membrane consist of?

A

Peudostratified columnar epithelium connected to areolar tissue

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17
Q

The nasal cavity contains what type of cells to make mucous?

A

Goblet cells

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18
Q

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

A

Hollow spaces in skull that connect to nasal cavity (filter air/ make skull lighter)

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19
Q

The pharynx is a unique structure of the respiratory tract because it is a shared space for air and ingested food. How does this function relate to the types of epithelial layer in the pharynx?

A

The cells become stratified to protect against friction

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20
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx

21
Q

what are the three main regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

22
Q

what is the flap called that closes to keep food from going down wrong pipe?

A

Epiglottis

23
Q

What type of epithelium does the respiratory membrane in the pharynx consist of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium - helps protect against food scraping it

24
Q

Where does sound production occur?

A

in Larynx

25
Q

how is sound produced?

A

air is forced between vibrating vocal cords - tension placed on vocal fold controls pitch

26
Q

What is the Trachea?

A

In front of the esophagus carrying air to lungs

27
Q

why are there c shaped cartilage rings in the trachea?

A

make sure airways stays open- allows for fine tune controls of how much airways needs to be open

28
Q

would contraction of the airway be parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

29
Q

Epithelial calls in the trachea have cilia what are these used for?

A

waft in coordinated manor to move debris

30
Q

What are bronchi?

A

entry to the lungs- split from primary to secondary to tertiary bronchi

31
Q

Why do more inhaled particles end up more frequently the right or left lungs?

A

the right lung because it is bigger

32
Q

the lungs are composed of a series of bronchi that do what two things?

A

transport gas
allow for gas exchange

33
Q

what is the organization chart of the bronchial tree?

A

trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles: terminal and respiratory
Alveoli

34
Q

do bronchioles have cartilage?

A

no- they facilitate gas exchange

35
Q

is there cartilage in the conducting and respiratory zone?

A

yes in conducting zone no in resp.

36
Q

Each tertiary bronchus supplies how many bronchopulmonary segments?

A

one- they each have their own blood supply

37
Q

Besides bronchi and alveoli, what other tissues make up our lungs?

A
  • Pulmonary arteries (deliver deoxygenated blood to arteries and capillary beds)
  • Lymphatic vessels (collect filtered interstitial fluid at capillaries)
  • connective and nervous tissue
38
Q

Given that the function of the conducting and respiratory zones differ, do you expect to find cilia in the respiratory zone?

A

no

39
Q

the respiratory membrane in gas exchange structures consists of what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

40
Q

How does the thickness of epithelium determine how easy/ hard gas exchange will be?

A

The thinner the epithelium, the easier gas exchange will be

41
Q

During inspiration, air would pass the given structures in which order?

A

Trachea
Primary bronchus
terminal bronchial
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct

42
Q

what are alveoli?

A

sac-like structures that have one capillary bed- site of gas exchange

43
Q

The alveolus consists primarily of what type of epithelial?

A

Simple squamous

44
Q

Explain blood flow to and from lungs (reminder)

A

Blood leaves right side of heart to pump trunk. Splits into pulm arteries. They are carrying deoxygenated blood. Deoxygenated blood enters capillary beds, picks up oxygen, and is then oxygenated and travels through pulm veins to left side of heart.

45
Q

What are the types of alveolus cells?

A

Type 1: most common - simple squamous epithelium
Type 2: secrete surfactant preventing cells from sticking together

46
Q

why do alveoli stick together? What is a chemical to prevent this?

A

they have water in them helping facilitate gas exchange and humidifying air inhaled. Water has surface tension sticking together. As air rushes and alveoli collapse, the water stick together. Surfactant breaks surface of tension of water preventing these cells from sticking together.

47
Q

What are macrophages?

A

white blood cells patrolling for the immune system

48
Q

Where EXACTLY does gas exchange occur?

A

in the respiratory membrane (one cell- wall of alveolus, one cell- wall of capillary)

49
Q
A

Biology 163 (6 decks)

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