Respiratory A&P

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The exchange of gas between an organism and its environment

Question 2

Inspiration

Answer 2

The process of bringing oxygen to cells of the body to sustain life

Question 3

Expiration

Answer 3

The process of eliminating waste products by breathing out

Question 4

ribs

Answer 4

• 12 pairs of ribs that form a cylinder-like structure that enclose the lungs
• posterior attachment to the vertebral column
• anterior attachment to the sternum via cartilage
• provides primary structural support for respiration

Question 5

true ribs

Answer 5

1-7

make direct attachment to the sternum

Question 6

false ribs

Answer 6

8-10

makes attachment to the sternum by means of cartilage

Question 7

floating ribs

Answer 7

11-12

articulate only with the vertebral column; 11-12

Question 8

Each rib has…

Answer 8

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft
Angle

Question 9

ribs connect to the spinal column by

Answer 9

ligaments

Question 10

clavicular breathing

Answer 10

short

chest

Question 11

3 components of sternum

Answer 11

• Manubrium sterni
• Corpus sterni
• Xiphoid Process

Question 12

muscles of rib cage for inspiration

Answer 12

External Intercostals

Serratus Posterior

Levatores Costrum Longus

Levatores Costrum Brevis

Question 13

accessory muscles of the neck for inhalation

Answer 13

Sternocleiodomastoid
Scalenes (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)

Question 14

diaphragm

Answer 14

Thick, dome-shaped muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic (chest) cavity

Question 15

3 major openings of diaphragm

Answer 15

Abdominal Aorta
Esophageal hiatus
Inferior vena cava

Question 16

negative pressure

Answer 16

The decrease in pressure

inhalation

Question 17

Boyle’s law

Answer 17

given a gas of constant temperature, if you increase the volume of the chamber that holds the gas, the pressure will decrease

Question 18

When contracted, the diaphragm…

Answer 18

pulls the central tendon down and out

Question 19

Bronchial tree

Answer 19

Main stem bronchi (primary bronchi)

Lober bronchi (secondary bronchi)

Terminal respiratory bronchi (Tertiary Bronchi)  at the end called bronchioles

At end of becomes alveolar ducts, which communicates with alveolus.

Question 20

alveoli

Answer 20

This terminal point is where gas exchanges occur due to:

-architecture (how its made) and its connection with the vascular (blood) supply

Question 21

Type I pneumocytes

Answer 21

flat cells (membranous pneumocytes) directly involved in the gas exchange.

Question 22

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 22

cuboidal cells make surfactant that is released into the alveolus to prevent collapsing during respiration

Question 23

Visceral pleura

Answer 23

pleural lining encasing the lungs

Question 24

Parietal pleura

Answer 24

pleural lining the thoracic cavity (along rib cage)

Question 25

Mediastinal pleura

Answer 25

pleural lining covering the mediastinum

Question 26

Diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 26

pleural lining the covers the diaphragm

Question 27

Respiratory filters for support/protection

Answer 27

1. nostril hairs are the first line of defense
2. mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract will catch additional foreign matter
3. Globet cells within the mucosal lining and submucosal glands secret lubricant that traps pollutants as they enter the larynx and trachea
4. the respiratory system passageway from (nose to the primary bronchi) are lined with cilia that beat > 1000 time per minute. In the upper pathway, the beating cilia can drive pollutants upwards and posteriorly.
5. Pollutants not cast away by cilia will be eliminated by the lymphatic system even in the tertiary (terminal) bronchioles.
6. it provides warm and humidifying air to promote the exchange of gases via the vascularized mucous membranes.