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A&P Speech Language Pathology- Neuro > Neuro A&P > Flashcards

Neuro A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Telodendria

A

the fibers at the end of the axon with a button at the end

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2
Q

Axon Hillock

A

funneling pathway for electrochemical messages

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3
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

associated with reasoning, planning, speech movement, emotions, and problem-solving

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4
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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5
Q

Ischemic / Thrombosis

A

“traditional” stroke caused by clogged artery

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6
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

mini warning stroke

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7
Q

Subthalamus

A

houses the nuclei whose fibers project in many areas

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8
Q

Hemorrhage

A

rupturing of the blood vessel

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9
Q

the warning signs of a stroke

A
  • numbness or weakness in the face, arms, or leg
  • trouble speaking / understanding
  • trouble walking; dizziness
  • A severe and sudden headache
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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

a balloon in the blood vessel caused by high pressure resulting from a blockage

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11
Q

Cerebrum

A

-gray matter superior to white matter

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12
Q

Central Nervous System

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

Satellite Cells

A

PNS

in prenatal development, these cells direct the neurons to locals of the body

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

a delivery system for protein and waste removal

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15
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

primary visual cortex

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16
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

a thick band of neural fibers connecting the hemispheres

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17
Q

Wernicke`s area/aphasia

A

The understanding of language.

  • fluent speech that lacks syntactic structure
  • words don`t make sense and may contain neologisms
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18
Q

Vertebral Basilar System

A

The vertebral artery merges to form the basilar artery and joins back together at the circle of Willis.
PCA

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19
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

divides the temporal and frontal/parietal lobes

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20
Q

Central Sulcus

A

divides the frontal and parietal lobes

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21
Q

Oligodendrites

A

CNS

produce myelin

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22
Q

Neuroglia Cells

A

support and protect nerve cells

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23
Q

Broadmann`s area 1-3

A

primary sensory cortex

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24
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides the left and right hemisphere

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25
Q

Broca`s area/aphasia

A
  • the nonfluent halting of ungrammatical speech
  • the difficulty with naming but may be able to produce initial sounds
  • strong auditory comprehension
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26
Q

Broadmann`s area 4

A

primary motor cortex

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27
Q

Astrocytes

A

CNS
connective tissue that links the nerve cells to blood vessels and forms the blood and brain barrier as well as supports the development of neurons

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28
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination of motor movements and regulation of equilibrium and body posture

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29
Q

Areas of the frontal lobe

A

prefrontal
premotor
motor cortex

30
Q

Axon

A

efferent motor based pathway

31
Q

Parietal Lobe damage

A

dominant (left) side = issues with language comprehension

non-dominant side = issues with spatial orientation, selective attention, visual neglect

32
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

perception of all sensory information

33
Q

Brodmann’s Area 41-42

A

primary auditory cortex

34
Q

Broadmann`s area 17

A

primary visual cortex

35
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

CNS

the lining of the CSF filled ventricles of the brain and spinal cord

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • autonomic and endocrine
  • pituitary gland
  • emotional behavior
  • regulation of body temperature, hunger response, sexual behavior, and sleep pattern
37
Q

Microglia

A

CNS

Scavenger and cleaner cells

38
Q

Epithalamus

A

pineal gland - regulation of circadian rhythm

39
Q

Carotid Vascular System

A

ACA
MCA
common carotid

40
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli = understanding of spoken language

41
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

bundle of white matter fibers that connect Brocas and Wernickes areas

42
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

43
Q

Midbrain

A

the link between the cerebral hemisphere, CNS, and PNS

44
Q

Pons

A

descending motor fibers and ascending sensory fibers

45
Q

Medulla

A

descending motor fibers and ascending sensory fibers

46
Q

Corpus Striatum

A

putamen
caudate
globus pallidus

47
Q

Lentiform

A

globus pallidus

putamen

48
Q

Striatum

A

putamen

caudate nucleus

49
Q

Thalamus

A
  • the gray matter that lies on either side of the third ventricle
  • relays sensory input for conscious awareness
  • perception of crude aspects of pain, temp, and touch
50
Q

Active transport

A

ion pumps move sodium and potassium ions against the gradient

51
Q

Oral Apraxia

A

the deficit in the ability to perform nonspeech oral gestures

52
Q

Dyspraxia

A

dysfunction of motor planning in absence of muscular weakness

53
Q

UUMN Dysarthria

A

Spastic signs contralateral for tongue and lower facial muscles

54
Q

Hypertonia

A

increased muscle tone

55
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

loss of inhibition of reflexes

56
Q

Spastic Dysarthria

A

caused by bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons of direct and indirect pathways

57
Q

Fasciculations

A

twitching

58
Q

Hypotonia

A

low muscle tone

59
Q

Flaccid Dysarthria

A

low muscle tone caused by damage to lower motor neurons

60
Q

Dysarthria

A

any disorder arising from paralysis, muscular weakness, and or discoordination of speech muscles

61
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

sense muscle tension

62
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a substance that causes either excitation or inhibition of another neuron

63
Q

Axon Charging

A 
myelin = negative
nodes = positive
64
Q

Aphasia

A

disruption of language

65
Q

Channel Proteins

A

passive transport allows specific ions to pass through the membrane of a cell

66
Q

Voltage sensitive proteins

A

passive transport gate keepers that open to adequate electrical stimuli

67
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

Used in ABR test

When charged particles move they create an electrical current that can be measured

68
Q

Electrochemical Gradient

A

established using electrical charge and molecule density

69
Q

Synapse

A

the point of union between neurons

70
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

provides neural control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretory cells or a combination of these

A&P Speech Language Pathology- Neuro (7 decks)

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