Respiratory

Question 1

List the pathway that an oxygen molecule follows to reach the blood in the capillaries at the alveoli ?

Answer 1

• The oxygen molecule is breathed in and passes down the Nasal passage, Pharynx, Trachea, the Bronchi, the Bronchioles to the alveoli.
• At the alveoli the oxygen enters the blood stream.

Question 2

Define Inspiration

Answer 2

Occurs when gasses move from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure so air moves into the lungs quickly. When we breath in, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, the thoracic cavity and lungs increase in size changing the pressure in the lungs.

Question 3

Define External Expiration

Answer 3

Passive, and occurs in response to the intercostal and diaphragm muscles relaxing. Expiration occurs when the ribs drop and the diaphragm is relaxed. The space in the lungs decreases, air pressure increases and air is exhaled or expired.

Question 4

Define Pulmonary Diffusion

Answer 4

Movement of gases from the lungs into the bloodstream

Question 5

What is Minute ventilation (Pulmonary ventilation)

Answer 5

• Refers to the volume of air that is moved in and out of the respiratory tract every minute.
• It can be calculated as follows:
  Minute Ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate x tidal volume.

Question 6

Define Respiratory rate

Answer 6

• The number of breaths you take per minute.

- It is measured whilst you are at rest, by counting the number of breaths you take over the course of a minute.

Question 7

Define Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 7

• The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath.
• The average TV for men is 600ml, and women 500ml.
• Your TV is influenced by your lung capacity.

Question 8

Define Oxygen Deficit

Answer 8

• Occurs when the demand for oxygen exceeds the body’s ability to supply it.
• Usually occurs at the commencement of exercise and when workloads are increased.

Question 9

Define Steady state

Answer 9

• Occurs when an athlete is working sub maximally (at less than maximum effort) and oxygen supply meets oxygen demand.
• Commonly occurs when jogging or walking at a steady pace.

Question 10

Define Oxygen Debt

Answer 10

Refers to the period of time post exercise where oxygen consumption remains above resting levels.

Question 11

Define EPOC

Answer 11

Stands for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. The extra oxygen restores all systems to their normal state.

Question 12

Define V02 maximum

Answer 12

At high intensities a point is reached where the maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported and utilised is reached. This is known as V02 maximum.

Question 13

Define Mitochondria

Answer 13

Where aerobic production of energy occurs

Question 14

What is the Transfer & Transport of Gasses

Answer 14

Pulmonary Diffusion - gaseous exchange that occurs at the lungs

Question 15

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 15

At the Alveoli, a two way exchange occurs. Oxygen moves from the Alveoli into the Blood and Carbon Dioxide moves from the blood to the Alveoli. The pulmonary Capillaries around the Alveoli are oxygen poor and has low oxygen pressure and concentration as it has been used by the muscles. The pressure causes the oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood. At the same time, Carbon Dioxide is present at higher present and concentration than in the Pulmonary Capillaries so it moves from the blood into the Alveoli to be expired.