Blood & Blood Vessels Flashcards
Flashcard Question
Flashcard Answer
What are the Functions of Blood ?
- Transportation of gases
- fuels and minerals
- Protection against dehydration
- Maintaining equilibrium - regulating temperature
- Thermoregulation
- Fighting infection - carrying cells and antibodies
- Bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver - for filtering and cleaning
How long does a Blood Cell take to circulate around the body at rest ?
approx. 20 seconds
How much of your total body weight is made up of blood ?
approx 8%
What are the Components of Blood ?
55% Plasma and 45% Blood Cells
What are the Components of Plasma ?
90% Water, 7% Proteins, 3% Other
What are Erythrocytes ?
Red Blood Cells
What are Leucocytes ?
White Blood Cells
What are Thrombocytes ?
Platelets
What is the composition of Blood Cells ?
99% Red, and 1% mix of White and Platelets
Describe Red Blood Cells
- Gives the blood its colour
- Produced in bone marrow
- Contain Haemoglobin
- Removal of Carbon Dioxide
- Carries the oxygen to the body tissues and muscles
Describe White Blood Cells
- Fights Infection
- Absorbs and digests disease causing organisms
- Produced in Bone Marrow, lymph tissue and the spleen
Describe Platelets
Cells that help form blood clots to stop bleeding
Describe Plasma
- Fluid the carries nutrients
- Transports Waste Products
- Assists with waste Removal from the Body
- Protein-Salt Solution
Describe Haemoglobin
- Protein Molecule
- Oxygen binds to molecule within the bloodstream
- Carries both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide to and from the lungs
Describe Systolic Blood Pressure
Measures pressure on the arteries as blood leaves the heart and is being pumped forcefully
Describe Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure on the veins as blood returns to the heart after having been to all body parts
What are Blood Vessels
Make up the vascular network through which all blood flows to all parts of the body
How many types of blood Vessels are there ?
3
Name the three major types of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Describe Arteries
- Carry blood away from the heart.
- Large blood vessels with thick walls.
Describe Capillaries
- Allow the exchange of gasses and nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.
- Tiny Blood Vessels.
- High density - more sites for gaseous exchange, increased oxygen to working muscles, increased aerobic contribution reducing fatigue
Describe Veins
Carry blood back to the heart. Not very elastic and contains pocket valves.
What are Precapillary Sphincters ?
- Miniature structures that control blood flow through the capillaries
- Forceful contraction can close the branches off to blood flow
- while opening others
- Can turn blood flow on and off
Describe Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted by arterial blood against vessel walls
Describe Systolic Blood Pressure
Recorded during contraction phase of the heart cycle
Describe Diastolic Blood Pressure
Recorded during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle
What is Systemic Blood Flow ?
Arteries and veins feed blood from the heart to the bod and back to the heart again
What is Vasoconstriction ?
- contraction in the smooth muscle around the blood vessels
- less blood moving through capillaries and more blood being redirected to where Vasodilation is occurring.
What is Vasodilation ?
- Relaxation in the smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels
- Widening of blood vessels resulting in an increase of blood
Define Myoglobin
Molecule in the muscle that attracts the oxygen into the muscle cell before binding to it for transport within the muscle to the mitochondria
What is Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) ?
Difference in oxygen concentration between arterial and venous blood.
What does Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) measure ?
It measures the amount of oxygen taken up from the blood by the tissues.
How is Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) measured ?
Expressed as millilitres per 100mL of blood
What happens to Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) during exercise ?
During exercise the blood flow to the tissues increases, increasing the arteriovenous oxygen difference to widen.
