Respiratory Flashcards
What are the 3 types of wheezing?
- Viral episodic wheeze
- Multiple trigger wheeze (might progress to asthma)
- Asthma
In which gender is viral wheezing more common and when does it usually resolve?
More common in males and usually resolves by 5 years of age.
What are the characteristics of atopic (allergy) asthma?
- Conjuctivitis
- Dermatitis
- Rhinitis
- Asthma
How can an allergy be confirmed?
Positive skin-prick testing or presence of IgE on blood testing
What can cause recurrent childhood wheezing?
Viral episodic wheeze Multiple trigger wheeze Recurrent anaphylaxis (e.g. food allergy) CF Chronic aspiration Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Bronchiolitis obliterans Tracheo-bronchomalacia
The presence of wet cough or sputum, finger clubbing or poor growth suggest what type of respiratory condition?
Chronic infection such as CF or bronchiectasis
What is the cornerstone of diagnosing asthma in younger patients?
Hx and examination alone is usually enough.
What are the most commonly used and most effective bronchodilators to manage asthma in children?
Inhaled B2-agonists (short-acting and long-acting)
What type of B2-agonists are more useful in exercise-induced asthma?
LABAs (salmetrol, formoterol)
What are the most commonly used short-acting B2-agonists in treating asthma?
Salbutamol or terbutaline
What can be given to young infants in the case that bronchodilators are found to be ineffective or in the treatment of severe acute asthma?
Ipratropium bromide (anticholinergic bronchodilator)
What is the most effective inhaled prophylactic therapy to asthma?
Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g. budesonide, beclometasone, fluticasone, mometasone)
*systemic side effects include impaired growth, adrenal suppression and altered bone metabolism
