Respiratory Flashcards
What is the gold standard investigation for assessing drug sensitivities in TB?
Sputum culture
Management for a secondary pneumothorax >2cm
Chest drain
Primary pneumothorax >2cm, or has secondary pneumothorax <2cm = needle aspiration
Secondary pneumothorax >2cm = chest drain
Spirometry results for obstructive lung disease e.g. COPD, asthma?
(FVC/FEV1)
Reduced FVC
Reduced FEV1
Ratio = reduced
Common cause of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy?
Tuberculosis
What antibiotic prophylaxis can be prescribed for patients with COPD who continue to have exacerbations?
Azithromycin
Contra-indications for lung cancer surgery?
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- FEV <1.5
- Malignant pleural effusion
- Vocal cord paralysis
- Tumour near hilum
What is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia?
- Intubation
- Stroke
(Aspiration pneumonia more common on the right)
Treatment for allergic aspergillosis?
Corticosteroids
Oral prednisolone
Most appropriate next step for a COPD patient who is still breathless despite using SABA/SAMA?
Add a LABA and ICS
Signs of sarcoidosis?
- Facial rash
- Lymphadenopathy
- Raised serum calcium
Causes of an exudative pleural effusion?
Exudative = >35/L
- Infection (pneumonia, TB)
- Connective tissue disease (RA, SLE)
- Malignancy (lung cancer, mets, mesothelioma)
What medication should be prescribed to patients with COPD and pneumonia?
Antibiotics Plus corticosteroids (if no evidence of COPD being exacerbated)
What is the criteria for determining whether a patient with COPD should be offered long term oxygen therapy?
Two arterial blood gases measurements of pO2 <7.3 kPa
What medication causes lower lung fibrosis?
Amiodarone
Causes of respiratory acidosis?
- COPD
- Hypoventilation
- Drugs: benzodiazepines, opiate overdose
